Medical and Social Models of Disability Essay - 1857 Words

It could be said that in modern industrial society, Disability is still widely regarded as tragic individual failing, in which its â€Å"victims† require care, sympathy and medical diagnosis. Whilst medical science has served to improve and enhance the quality of life for many it could be argued that it has also led to further segregation and separation of many individuals. This could be caused by its insistence on labelling one as â€Å"sick†, â€Å"abnormal† or â€Å"mental†. Consequently, what this act of labelling and diagnosing has done, is enforce the societal view that a disability is an abnormality that requires treatment and that any of its â€Å"victims† should do what is required to be able to function in society as an able bodied individual. The†¦show more content†¦The strong word in this definition is the word ‘normal’ whereby it can be said that the medical model aims to separate those who are considered normal and those that are not by terms of their ability or impairments in regards to undertaking a given tasks. It could be argued that this separation is not an easy task due to the scale and wide range of physical and psychological impairments that exist in a modern aging society, as Barnes and Mercer state â€Å"the notion that disablement is a medical problem which affects only a small proportion of the population can no longer be sustained† (1996:11). According the 2011 census one fifth of the population in the UK where registered as having a disability (ONS 2011) , according to another study, four out of every ten adult women and men have a `long standing illness or disability (CSO, 1996). The size of these figures, when combined with an aging population that is forever rising, are o nly set to increase year on year. With these figures in mind it could be argued that the full â€Å"range of actions† considered normal by society can only be fully undertaken by a select few, making fully abled minded and bodied individuals the minority. Despite this the medical model still hold on to the belief that individuals need to be treated to adhere to the norm. It is due to this that the model is sometimes also referred to as the â€Å"personal tragedy model† as it regards the difficulties that people with anShow MoreRelatedSocial Medical Model Disability1203 Words   |  5 PagesThe social and medical model of disability There are a number of ‘models’ of disability which have been defined over the last few years. The two most frequently mentioned are the ‘social’ and the ‘medical’ models of disability. The medical model of disability views disability as a ‘problem’ that belongs to the disabled individual. It is not seen as an issue to concern anyone other than the individual affected. For example, if a wheelchair using student is unable to get into a building becauseRead MoreThe Medical And Social Models Of Disability2264 Words   |  10 Pages What do you understand by the medical and social models of disability? Illustrate your answer with examples from your media portfolio. The social and medical model are separate elements which have a big impact on people’s life. Disability as a whole influences society because we start from a young age learning, which will effect the kind of person we are and the kind of person we become. The word ‘model’ helps define the disability and understand the concepts in which it is perceived by individualsRead More Social and Medical Disability Models Essay2243 Words   |  9 PagesI aim to provide the reader with an overview of two prominent models of disability: the medical model and the social model. More specifically, I intend to outline the differences between these models, especially their theory and practice. Firstly, I will note the definition of what a model of disability is and point to its relevance in disability studies. I will also briefly examine the origins of both the medical and social models, but mainly outlining the contributions of their respective theoreticalRead More3.3 Explain the Social and Medical Models of Disability and the Impact of Each on Practice.998 Words   |  4 PagesSocial models and medical models of disability By labelling a child because of there disability can prevent us as seeing the child as a whole person like their gender, culture and social background the medical models is a traditional view of disability and that through medical intervention the person can be cured where in fact in most cases there is no cure. They expect disabled people to change to fit into society. The social model of disability looks at ways to address issues to enable peopleRead MoreModels of Disability941 Words   |  4 PagesModels of Disability Disability is a human reality that has been perceived differently by diverse cultures and historical periods.   For most of the 20th century, disability was defined according to a medical model. In the medical model, disability is assumed to be a way to characterize a particular set of largely static, functional limitations. This led to stereotyping and defining people by condition or limitations.   World Health Organization (WHO) – New definition of Disability In 2001, theRead MoreThe Medical Model Of Disability952 Words   |  4 PagesDisability means something entirely different depending on the people you ask. Ask a person who does not have a disability and they may give you a view that is based on the medical model of disability. Ask a person that is disabled and they may give you a view that is based on the social model of disability. While both views of what disability means have their merits, not one interpretation is universally accepted. I believe the truth lies somewhere in the middle. At the intersection of the medicalRead MoreThe Medical Model Of Disability1533 Words   |  7 PagesThe medical model focuses more on the problem and not the person, so the problem would be things such as the disabilities and impairments rather than the needs of the person. The medical model thinks the way to solve the disability would be through things such as surgery, physio etc. If people who follow the medical model think that that a medical cure is not possible then they could exclude someone with a disability from a normal day to day activities or they could be shut way from society in aRead MoreContrast Between Social Model and Medical Model844 Words   |  4 PagesContrast Between Social Model and Medical Model. In my research I have come across many contrasts between the Social and Medical Models and here is just some of what I have found out. Under the Medical Model in New Zealand we have a very direct view with those that are classified as intellectually disabled, for example a child that is diagnosed with ADHD is automatically going to be hard for Parents and Society as a whole to deal with as according to Medical Model these children have authorityRead MoreSocial Model And The Medical Model1577 Words   |  7 PagesIn today s society two models dominate, the social model and the medical model. Both are used to label those who have impairments. The social model focuses on fixing the society to fit in with impairments which was introduced alongside the disability movement. The 18th century otherwise knowns as the age of enlightenment saw the introduction of some although very primitive ideas of human science and what may cause impairments with this came the ideals that today may be argued to be held with credibilityRead MoreEvaluate Two Models of Disability in Terms of Explaining the Concept of Disability.1613 Words   |  7 PagesEvaluate two models of disability in terms of explaining the concept of disability. Medical model;-- Weaknesses;-- There are many weaknesses of the medical model. One of the weaknesses that I am going to talk about is that in some cases people see the medical model as an insult due to the fact that the model tries to ‘fix’ people with a disability instead of making adjustments and adaptions to environments, activities etc†¦ for them. Due to the fact that the medical model is trying to ‘fix’ tem, may

Essay on Israels Controversy - 1036 Words

Israel is a high controversial state that all have differing opinions on. There are many things that make Israel a hot topic. In order to discover why Israel is so controversial, this paper will delve into the creation of Israel, and how it affects the area around it. Israel was created on November 29, 1947 by the United Nations in Resolution 181. Resolution 181, also known as the Partition Resolution, declared that the territory of Palestine would be divided into two separate states, one Jewish and one Arab, when the British Palestine mandate expired in May 1948. However, the city of Jerusalem was declared an independent city state, and would be protected by the United Nations (Creation of Israel). There are two main reasons why†¦show more content†¦The Jews lived had immigrated to Palestine after World War II and the Holocaust seeking protection. Many moved there for religious reasons, but others moved their with the goal of creating a Zionist state there. These immigran ts added to the pressure that was being put on the international community to form a Jewish state because they were buying up Palestine with the goal of moving Jews there. This was a problem because no one could prevent them from doing it. Finally, many countries were in support of a Jewish state in Palestine because of the Holocaust. All countries felt bad for the Jewish population of the world after the Holocaust, and they saw a Jewish state as a way to seek forgiveness from the Jews. There are many problems that stem from Israel being where it is. One problem is that three major world religions stake claim to Palestine as their holy land. This is a problem because each religion claims they own it, and that it was bestowed upon them in their holy text. The problem stems from each religious text specifically outlying the land they deserve. In the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, Genesis 15:18 states,on that day The Lord made a covenant with Abraham, saying, To your desc endants I have given this land, From the river of Egypt as far as the great river, the river Euphrates (Genesis 15:18). Since Muslims and Jews consider themselves to be People of the Book, and both their founders descendShow MoreRelatedA Special Relationship Between the United States and Israel Essay1180 Words   |  5 Pagesconstant international commentary. These developments have brought to the forefront a rather interesting facet of the Israeli/American relationship, one which this author believes to be a key element of Israel’s foreign policy, and which will become increasingly more important as time goes on – Israel’s desire to simultaneously remain in the good graces of the United States while not succumbing to the pressures of American foreign policies. In short, it can be argued that a goal of Israeli foreign policyRead MoreWhat Is The Israel Free Trade Agreement?760 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"liberal democracy in the Middle East† according to Lockie. Both countries share the fundamental idea of democracy. This is important for the U.S because of the political instability of the region. We benefit from Israel’s intelligence and insights into the Middle East political affairs. Israel’s intelligence is regarded as one of the most elite in the world. At SureFire LLC, we provide suppressors and tactical lights to the Israelis military so I have the opportunity to work with Israelis special forceRead MoreRecognizing Jerusalem As Israels Capital797 Words   |  4 Pagesreports to still fully intend on keeping his campaign promise to recognize Jerusalem as Israel’s capital and eventually move the embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. This however, is an extremely controversial move due to Jerusalem’s status and holy sites that are sacred to Jews, Christians, and Muslims as well as the age-old fight between Islamic Persian Gulf countries and Israel. Recognizing Jerusalem as Israel’s capital both sets America apart from the rest of its allies and will likely result inRead MoreA Political, Cultural, and Religious Description of the Current Atmosphere as Exists in Israel1268 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscussed. Israel is characterized by many religious groups including Greek Orthodox, Muslim, Palestinians, Jews, Arabs and others. Similarly, the Labor Ruling Party is integrally linked to religious orientation and has been embroiled in domestic controversy and flagellation from many sides in recent years. OVERVIEW Statehood in Israel was attained some three thousand years ago, and has served as the home of the Jewish people who are credited with giving the world the Bible. As mentioned, however, thisRead MorePalestinians Demand for Independence694 Words   |  3 PagesImagine someone took your own land away from you. Wouldn’t you fight back and seek justice? Wouldn’t you fight every bit of obstacles to gain independence? That is what the Palestinians are trying to do. The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict is a controversy between Israelis and the Palestinians over control of Jerusalem. The Israelis are mostly Jewish and the Palestinians are mostly Muslims. Jerusalem is located between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea and is one of the oldest cities in the world.Read MoreMiddle East Conflict Essay859 Words   |  4 PagesWorld War I, which was a critical time in the history of the modern Arab world. This was when Great Britain really started to delve into Arabic affairs, which is actually where the name Middle East comes from; â€Å"The terms origins are seeped in controversy for having originally been a European imposition of geographic perspective according to European spheres of influence. East from where? From London. Why ‘Middle’? Because it was half-way between the United Kingdom and India, the Far East† (middleeastRead MoreThe Historical Setting And How Much Of It Does Your Sermon Require? Essay899 Words   |  4 Pages text written? (if available) The story happened in the desert during Israel’s wandering, somewhere in the Sinai Peninsula, around 1450-1410 B.C. Furthermore, Moorey, affirms that â€Å"The is no evidence outside of the Old Testament for the Israelites’ stay in Egypt,† and Shaw and Nicholson also assert that â€Å"links between ancient Egypt and the events described in the Old testament are generally problematic and beset by controversy,† finally, The Pontifical Biblical Commission decided in 1906 that modificationsRead MoreAntisemitism in the Ukraine1186 Words   |  5 Pagestargeted there. Leaflets were distributed to Ukrainian Jews which is reminiscent of the Holocaust. These leaflets stated that Jews were to report their belongings and pay a fee of $50 or risk their citizenship. Where the leaflets all a ploy to stir up controversy? Some believe so. The Chief Rabbi of Ukraine gave an interview stating â€Å"I am not going to comment on the origin of this information. The Jewish community does not directly take part in political events. However the Jews as citizens do participateRead MoreThe Bayou Hedge Fund Group: Case Study1229 Words   |  5 Pagesthe hedge fund was successful. This influenced a series of other investors to direct their finances toward the company in hope of joining in on the apparently profitable enterprise. Goldman Sachs was a creditor for Bayou and this generated much controversy regarding the companys ability to detect fraud. On July 30, Goldman paid $20.7 million to roughly 200 Bayou investors in the United States. (Morgenson) Even with this, the Manhattan firm proceeded to issue a creditors claim for the same amountRead MoreThe October War of 1973 Essay1367 Words   |  6 Pagesgreat deal of controversy associated with this war, with both sides claiming to have been victorious. The October War of 1973 was fought between Israel, and their Arab neighbors: Egypt and Syria. There were tensions left over from the Six Day War of 1967 in which Israel successfully captured both the Egyptian Sinai peninsula and Gaza strip and the strategic Golan Heights from Syria1 [4]. After the Six Day War there was a ceasefire line created in Syria and Egypt separating Israel’s newly acquired

Louis Riel Essay Research Paper Louis RielLouis free essay sample

Louis Riel Essay, Research Paper Louis Riel Louis Riel should non hold been hung because he represented those who couldn t represent themselves. Louis Riel was disappointed with the manner the M Ti were, so he took it upon himself to stand for the M Ti and their rights. Even though the actions that followed, such as maintaining the new governor out the settlement, were illegal and really incorrect. Riel risked it for the rights of the M Ti. As for Thomas Scott, Riel has perfectly no legal right to hold him changeable, but Riel himself neer touched a gun for that intent. He had a firing squad shoot Scott. Although, Riel may hold ordered the squad to hit, but the work forces could hold backed down, no affair how powerful Riel seemed. After the rebellion, he was elected by Manitoba to sit in the House of Commons. Riel went to Ottawa but was non allowed to sit as a member in the House, for he was threatened by many to be changeable if he appeared in the House. We will write a custom essay sample on Louis Riel Essay Research Paper Louis RielLouis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This was the error of the authorities. They should hold sopped the bunk and menaces. For Riel was a adult male of thoughts. He was a adult male who was knowledged in the authorities. It was obvious since he formed his ain authorities. Riel would hold been an plus to the Canadian authorities. In 1884, Gabriel Dumont rode to Montana and asked Riel to support the M Ti one time once more. Riel returned to assist the indigens one time more. Riel was put on the lining gaining control when he returned. This was a really baronial act on his portion. Alternatively of remaining nice and safe in Montana, Riel gave up his safety for the M Ti. Riel decided to seek a calmer attack this clip alternatively of get downing an all out rebellion. Roentgen iel and the M tis drew up a petition and presented it to the government. The petition, which demanded more food and money for the natives, was looked over but not acted upon. The petition was fair in all parts but the government turned it down. It only demanded that what belonged to the natives be returned. In early 1885, Riel formed another provisional government, and started another rebellion. His followers killed many army troops, but once again it was not the hand of Riel that killed so many. It was of people who had their own thoughts and intuitions. They could have easily said no to Riel instead of shooting. In which case Riel was not fully responsible for the deaths. After a long rebellion consisting of many battles, Riel gave himself up. It was his actions that stopped the fighting and the killing. A lesser man could not have done such a thing. Riel was a prisoner of the Canadian government and was brought to trial for his part in the rebellion. During his trial, Riel s law yer thought the only way to get Riel out of this mess was for him to plead insanity. Riel would not plead insanity for he did not want his followers to look foolish. It was said, how could an insane person lead 700 people into a rebellion unless they were all insane? Louis was a truthful man and would not plead insanity because he was considerate as well. Riel believed he had an unfair jury, as the jury consisted of six English-speaking settlers. Riel s arguments were not listened to and he died an innocent man. Not guilty of killing many people, treason, forming a provisional government, and standing up for the right of the natives.

Sample Paper free essay sample

State the law that governs the strength of the current passing through a metallic conductor when a p. d is applied across its end. Illustrate this law graphically? 2. Why is an ammeter connected in series and voltmeter in parallel in a circuit? 3. In an experiment the current flowing through a resistor and potential difference across it are measured. The values are given below. Show that these values confirm Ohm’s Law and also find the resistance of the resistor. I (ampere) I(ampere) 1. 0 1. 0 2 1. 5 2. 0 2. 0 2. 5 2. 5 3. 3. 0 V (volt) V(volt) 4. 0 4. 0 6. 0 6. 0 8. 0 8. 0 10. 0 10. 0 12. 0 12. 0 4. What are ohmic conductors? What are non ohmic conductors? Give example 5. Draw the VI graph for an ohmic and a non ohmic conductor. 6. Calculate the number of electrons constituting one coulomb of charge? 7. A piece of wire is redrawn by pulling it until its length is tripled. Compare the new resistance with the original value. 8. the ratio of resistivity’s of two materials a and b is 1:2, ratio of their length is 3:4 and if the ratio of radii is 2:3 find the ratio of resistance of a and b. We will write a custom essay sample on Sample Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page . Two wires are of same length and radius but one of them is copper and the other is of iron. Which will have more resistance? (Given the resistivity of copper = 1. 62 x 10 -8 ohm meter and resistivity of iron = 10 x 10-8 ohm meter. 10. A wire of resistance 5 Ohm is spent in the form of closed circle. What is the resistance between 2 points at the ends of any diameter of the circle? 11. Two wires of equal cross sectional area, one of copper and other of manganin have same resistance. Which one will be longer? 2. Two students perform an experiment on series and parallel combinations of two given resistors R1 and R2 and plot following VI graph Which of the graph is (are) correctly labeled. Justify your answer. 13. Draw the circuit consisting of a battery of five 2V cells, 5ohm resistor, 10 ohm resistor, 15 ohm resistor and a plug key. All connected in series (b) Calculate the current passing through the above circuit when key is closed. 14. Three resistors of 4ohms, 6ohms and 12 ohms are connected in parallel. The combination of above resistors is connected in series to a resistance of 2 ohms and then to a battery of 6 volts. Draw a circuit diagram and calculate a) Current in main circuit b) Current flowing through each of the resistors in parallel c) P. d and the power used by the 2 ohm resistor. 15. State the law which governs the amount of heat produced in a metallic conductor when current is passed through it for a given time. Express this law mathematically? 16. State which has a higher resistance. A 50W or 25W lamp. Also find the ratio of their resistances. 17. Why is tungsten used almost exclusively for making the filaments of electric lamps? 18. Write the advantages of connecting electrical appliances in parallel and disadvantages of connecting them in series in a household circuit. 19. State the relation between the commercial and SI unit of electric energy. 20. For a heater rated at 4 kW and 220 V, calculate (a) the current, b) the resistance of the heater, ) the energy consumed in 2 hours, and d) the cost if 1 kWh is priced at Rs. 4. 60..

Free Essays on New Deals Successfulness

Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal was successful. The New Deal was used to refer to U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt's program to solve the economic problems created by the Great Depression of the 1930s. However, the New Deal didn’t end the depression, but it did relieve much economic hardships and gave Americans faith in the democratic system at a time when other nations hit by the depression turned to the dictators. The New Deal programs were admired by some people and rejected by other people. The reason to why it was successful was because of the many relief policies. These policies focused on three general goals: relief for the needy, economic recovery, and financial reform. The New Deal programs had many distinct policies that helped people gain confidence in economy and in the government. Roosevelt’s first goal was to provide relief for the needy. One of the largest programs begun under the New Deal was Works Progress Administration (WPA). The WPA provided work for needy people on the public works projects. Additional New Deal policy that helped achieve this goal was the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). The CCC was founded in 1933 to provide jobs for single males on conservation projects. New Deal also assisted the farmers by creating the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA). This act aided farmers and regulated crop production. The AAA raised crop prices by paying farmers to leave a certain amount of their land uncultivated, hence lowering production. Another program to provide direct relief for the needy was the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA). The FERA cooperated with the states in relieving hardships caused by unemployment. Besides providing help for the needy, Roosevelt also wanted to establish programs that would guide in recovering the economy. After Hoover was elected as the president of United States and was rejected by the country, Franklin D. Roosevelt knew that somehow he had to gain back ... Free Essays on New Deal's Successfulness Free Essays on New Deal's Successfulness Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal was successful. The New Deal was used to refer to U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt's program to solve the economic problems created by the Great Depression of the 1930s. However, the New Deal didn’t end the depression, but it did relieve much economic hardships and gave Americans faith in the democratic system at a time when other nations hit by the depression turned to the dictators. The New Deal programs were admired by some people and rejected by other people. The reason to why it was successful was because of the many relief policies. These policies focused on three general goals: relief for the needy, economic recovery, and financial reform. The New Deal programs had many distinct policies that helped people gain confidence in economy and in the government. Roosevelt’s first goal was to provide relief for the needy. One of the largest programs begun under the New Deal was Works Progress Administration (WPA). The WPA provided work for needy people on the public works projects. Additional New Deal policy that helped achieve this goal was the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). The CCC was founded in 1933 to provide jobs for single males on conservation projects. New Deal also assisted the farmers by creating the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA). This act aided farmers and regulated crop production. The AAA raised crop prices by paying farmers to leave a certain amount of their land uncultivated, hence lowering production. Another program to provide direct relief for the needy was the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA). The FERA cooperated with the states in relieving hardships caused by unemployment. Besides providing help for the needy, Roosevelt also wanted to establish programs that would guide in recovering the economy. After Hoover was elected as the president of United States and was rejected by the country, Franklin D. Roosevelt knew that somehow he had to gain back ...

The Pyrenean Ibex Profile

The Pyrenean Ibex Profile The recently extinct Pyrenean ibex, also known by the Spanish common name bucardo, was one of the four subspecies of wild goat to inhabit the Iberian Peninsula. An attempt to clone the Pyrenean ibex was carried out in 2009, marking it the first species to undergo de-extinction, but the clone died due to physical defects in its lungs seven minutes after its birth. Fast Facts: Iberian Ibex Scientific Name: Capra pyrenaica pyrenaicaCommon Name(s): Pyrenean ibex, Pyrenean wild goat, bucardoBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: Length of 5 feet; height of 30 inches at the shoulderWeight: 130–150 poundsLifespan: 16 yearsDiet: HerbivoreHabitat: Iberian Peninsula, Pyrenees mountainsPopulation: 0Conservation Status: Extinct Description In general, the Pyrenean ibex (Capra pyrenaica pyrenaica) was a mountain goat which was substantially bigger and had larger horns than its extant cousins, C. p. hispanica and C. p. victoriae.  It was also called the Pyrenean wild goat and, in Spain, the bucardo. During the summer, the male bucardo had a coat of short, pale grayish-brown fur with sharply defined black patches. During winter it grew thicker, combining longer hair with a layer of short thick wool, and its patches were less sharply defined. They had a short stiff mane above the neck, and two very large, thick curving horns that described a half-spiral twist. The horns typically grew to 31 inches in length, with a distance between them of about 16 inches. One set of horns in Musà ©e de Bagnà ¨res at Luchon, France, measures 40 inches long. Adult males bodies were just under five feet long, stood 30 inches at the shoulder, and weighed 130–150 pounds. Female ibex coats were more consistently brown, lacking the patches and with very short, lyre-shaped and cylindrical ibexs horns. They lacked the males manes. Young of both sexes retained the color of the mothers coat until after the first year when the males began to develop the black patches. dragoms/Getty Images Habitat and Range During the summers, the agile Pyrenean ibex inhabited rocky mountainsides and cliffs interspersed with scrub vegetation and small pines. Winters were spent in snow-free upland meadows. In the fourteenth century, the Pyrenean ibex inhabited much of the northern Iberian Peninsula and were most commonly found in the Pyrenees  of Andorra, Spain, and France, and likely extended into the Cantabrian mountains. They disappeared from the French Pyrenees and Cantabrian range by the mid-10th century. Their populations began to decrease steeply in the 17th century, primarily as a result of trophy-hunting by people who craved the ibexs majestic horns. By 1913, they were extirpated except for one small population in Spains Ordesa Valley. Diet and Behavior Vegetation such as herbs, forbs, and grasses comprised most of the ibexs diet, and seasonal migrations between high and low elevations allowed the ibex to utilize high mountain slopes in the summer and more temperate valleys during the winter with thickening fur supplementing warmth during the coldest months. Modern population studies were not conducted on the bucardo, but female C. pyrenaica are known to congregate in groups of 10–20 animals (females and their young) and males in groups of 6–8 except in rutting season when they are largely isolated. Reproduction and Offspring Rut season for the Pyrenean ibex began in the first days of November, with males conducting ferocious battles over females and territory. The ibex birthing season generally occurred during May when females would seek isolated locations to bear offspring. A single birth was the most common, but twins were born occasionally. Young C. pyrenaica can walk within a day of birth. After birth, the mother and kid join the females herd. Kids can live independently from their mothers at 8–12 months but are not sexually mature until 2–3 years of age. Extinction While the exact cause of the Pyrenean ibexs extinction is unknown, scientists hypothesize that some different factors contributed to the decline of the species, including poaching, disease, and the inability to compete with other domestic and wild ungulates for food and habitat. The ibex are thought to have numbered some 50,000 historically, but by the early 1900s, their numbers had fallen to fewer than 100. The last naturally born Pyrenean ibex, a 13-year-old female that scientists named Celia, was found mortally wounded in northern Spain on January 6, 2000, trapped beneath a fallen tree. The First De-Extinction in History Before Celia died, though, scientists were able to collect skin cells from her ear and preserve them in liquid nitrogen. Using those cells, researchers attempted to clone the ibex in 2009. After repeated unsuccessful attempts to implant a cloned embryo in a living domestic goat, one embryo survived and was carried to term and born. This event marked the first de-extinction in scientific history. However, the newborn clone died just seven minutes after its birth as a result of physical defects in its lung. Professor Robert Miller, director of the Medical Research Councils Reproductive Sciences Unit at Edinburgh University, commented: I think this is an exciting advance as it does show the potential of being able to regenerate extinct species. There is some way to go before it can be used effectively, but the advances in this field are such that we will see more and more solutions to the problems faced. Sources Brown, Austin. TEDxDeExtinction: A Primer. Revise and Restore, the Long Now Foundation, March 13, 2013.  Folch, J., et al. First Birth of an Animal from an Extinct Subspecies (Capra Pyrenaica Pyrenaica) by Cloning. Theriogenology 71.6 (2009): 1026–34. Print.Garcà ­a-Gonzlez, Ricardo. New Holocene Capra pyrenaica (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Bovidae) Skulls from the Southern Pyrà ©nà ©es. Comptes Rendus Palevol 11.4 (2012): 241–49. Print.Herrero, J. and J. M. Pà ©rez. Capra pyrenaica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T3798A10085397, 2008.Kupferschmidt, Kai. Can Cloning Revive Spains Extinct Mountain Goat? Science 344.6180 (2014): 137-38. Print.Maas, Peter H. J. Pyrenean Ibex - Capra pyrenaica pyrenaica. The Sixth Extinction (archived in Wayback Machine), 2012.Ureà ±a, I., et al. Unraveling the Genetic History of the European Wild Goats. Quaternary Science Reviews 185 (2018): 189–98. Print.

Marketing Strategies For Growth Overseas At Tesco Essay

Marketing Strategies For Growth Overseas At Tesco - Essay Example Having described the premise of marketing strategies, this report will focus on Tesco, a multinational foods retailer operating in China, the United States, India, Thailand, Malaysia and South Korea. In some regions of the world, consumers are collectivist and value tradition whilst in other operating areas, consumers are more individualistic and brand-conscious. Price elasticity is a concern depending on the socio-economic conditions in each area of operations, thus requiring customized marketing strategies for each region. The results of a recent survey identified that 67 percent of customers considered Tesco their favourite supermarket due to its value and quality focus in the marketing mix and related to how the business positions itself among international competitors (Ma, Ding and Hong 2010). Tesco operates in an oligopoly market structure where competitive activities related to marketing continue to change the focus of business activity. The foods retailing environment maintai ns considerable competitive rivalry in pricing and promotion, as well as distribution methodology in order to serve diverse customers. Because of this, Tesco must focus on the marketing mix in order to differentiate from competitors that carry rather homogenous goods for the international consumer. Tesco utilizes marketing strategies related to green environmentalism, value promotions, brand extensions, diversifying product line offerings, and e-commerce as methods to improve its competitive position and ensure higher sales volumes internationally. 2. Theoretical framework International marketing strategies are plans of action that recognize costs, efficiency, and brand value/equity associated with specific strategic objectives related to how the business wants to... This paper stresses that since the environment where Tesco operates internationally is saturated with grocer competition, the business has developed effective strategies to try to avoid price promotions common with other supermarkets. Its value agenda provides the business with considerable brand loyalty and also brand equity that can be extended to supplementary service provision. It is uniquely positioned through its e-commerce model as a value leader and through its flexibility in procurement to fit local tastes even though these costs are higher for adjusting the supply chain methodology in the home country. However, the revenue gains achieved by Tesco, which is the number one supermarket according to comparative sales, offset these costs associated with the marketing mix adjustments. Tesco may not be able to maintain its unique value-orientation against competition with the new entrants like Aldi that carry discounted goods that consumers perceive as top quality. Partnerships wi th local producers to create private label Tesco products still fulfils its corporate social responsibility objectives in its marketing strategy for relationship and value-building, but can enhance its product selection for private label introduction or extension. When it is not only pricing, but also value associated in consumer markets with private label brands, it has long-term risk potential for Tesco’s unique differentiation and positioning related to value provision. This report makes a conclusion that corporate social responsibility, too, stays away from pricing promotion and price emphasis in order to remain true to its value-conscious agenda and positioning efforts. According to results of a large sample group questionnaire, 71 percent of those targeted believed that Tesco has reasonable prices.

The Final Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Final Project - Essay Example The argument of the author evolves in the following manner. In Chapter 1, Zakaria presents a main thesis of the book, according to which we will witness the emergence of a â€Å"post-American† global order, within the framework of which the USA will retain its predominance but lose an ability to determine the attributes of international system unilaterally (Zakaria, 2008, pp. 1-5). He compares the change in power dynamics that is taking place currently to the shift in predominance from the Oriental empires to the proto-capitalist West in the 15th to 16th century, arguing that a similar process can be identified nowadays with regard to the rise of Asian nations (Zakaria, 2008, p. 2). Somewhat counterintuitively, Zakaria claims that globalization which led to the dissemination of Western models of capitalist system and mass consumption culture allowed the potential contenders of the U.S., such as China and India, to increase their competitiveness and present an economic challeng e to the American role in the world (Zakaria, 2008, pp. 20-21). Nevertheless, according to Zakaria, the political limitations will not allow either India or China to become real rivals to the U.S. in the short-term future, as the uneven economic development and internal social tensions undermine their potential (Zakaria, 2008, p. 97; p. 132). ... Zakaria ends the book with guidelines for the future U.S. foreign policy that may be summarized as commitment to multilateral policies, creation of broad alliances with the other great powers, and an emphasis on legitimacy as a ‘soft power’ of the USA (Zakaria, 2008, pp. 235-250). For all the arguments presented by Zakaria in his book, the over-optimistic assumptions about the continuing political predominance of the United States in the new globalized world seems the weakest. Zakaria seems to overlook the fact that the loss of economic hegemony was invariably followed by the corresponding weakening of the political role of respective nation in the world, as the examples of Holland in the 17th century and Great Britain in the 20th century demonstrated. His optimism on the alleged lack of strong competitors to the U.S. dominance seems misplaced as well; even if no single state would match the economic and military-political potential of the U.S., the coalition of them cer tainly might, and the rise of BRICS (Brazil, India, China, Russia, South Africa) nations shows that some newly industrialized countries, together with the former contender to the U.S. might, may be not too much content with the global order determined by the Western geo-economic and geopolitical interests. In addition, Zakaria’s naive enthusiasm about the financial globalization as the driving force of supposedly even economic development may be seen as the greatest problem of the book, as his praises for neoliberal restructuring, especially in India, were contradicted both by the events of the Lehman Brothers crisis of September 2008 and the overheating processes in the economies of India and China that led to inflationary pressures and rising social

Describe the Role and Status of Women in the 1940s and 1950s Essay Example for Free

Describe the Role and Status of Women in the 1940s and 1950s Essay After the First World War women had gained a huge step towards having equality with men. In 1918 married women over the age of 30 were given the right to vote. During the war women had proved themselves as capable as men, not only as nurses near the front lines working in very dangerous positions but also back in Britain working to help the war effort in jobs that before the war they could never have even had a chance of getting. However women were still a long way of having any vague equality with men, and when the men returned from war things changed as men were still considered far above women. Although it had got worse since the end of the war it should be recognised that womens role in society had been greatly improved since the days before the First World War. During the Second World War many of the men were conscripted to go away to war. This meant that their jobs now needed to be filled in order for the country to work., women got jobs in all areas of employment from working in manual labour to working in banks. They also managed to prove that they could do the jobs just as well as men and were able to work in jobs that had previously been for men only. Gaining all these new jobs had been a huge leap towards women gaining equality with men, however when the men returned from war most if the women lost their war time jobs. This happened because of a number of reasons. Firstly, public opinion in general believed that the soldiers who had been fighting deserved to come back to jobs and not have to struggle with unemployment. Also some bosses of small and large companies felt that men were still better and didnt want to employ women over men. A women who had worked as a welder during the war years was told, Oh my goodness, youve got the best qualifications that we ever had apply for the job, but your a woman, and I wonder what the boys would say if I employed a woman A newspaper editor was told when she was dismissed,Oh its nothing wrong with your work, but we have to safeguard the succession and the successor has to be a man. Bosses who were taking this line, and most of them were were infact taking and supporting the governments line. The governments official line said it is doubtless true that there are many jobs done during the war by women for which men are better suited, both mentally and physically. And, if there is to be a nation in the future, there must be children and children mean homes and endless chores. So that there must naturally be a drift back from the services and the factories to domestic work. I believe that this is showing that men and the government (dominated by men) were showing an incompetence to realise that women were able to do the jobs that men traditionally did. So although women had again gained a further step towards equality after the war they had again lost some of that newly gained freedom when the war ended in 1945. However not all women were displeased at societys attitude as after the war many women wanted to start families and now the men had come back from the war they were able to do this. The evidence for this lies in an area known as the baby boom, when the birth rate soared dramatically after the war. Even after the war when women were gaining more equality with men they did not have equal pay rates as men. A woman doing the same amount of work as a man would be paid two thirds of what a man would be paid. Women didnt, understandably find this fair and in August 1943 them women who worked at a Rolls Royce factory went on strike and after a week on strike they were given equal pay. However all over the rest of the country women continued be exploited by societies views. Even the government were not willing to even think about women being equal to men. When female school teachers asked for equal pay with men, Churchill dismissed their demand with one word. Even though now he was falling out of favour with the people and was soon to lose the general election, it showed that some men and in incredibly important positions within society, had no respect still for womens role in society. This meant that their status remained below a mans status even though in some cases they had become more equal, such as the right it do certain types of jobs. Before 1948 the government offered no medical assistance to women or their children only a small amount to men. In 1942 the Beveridge report was published which illustrated the importance of setting up a Welfare State which would look after all citizens equally. In July 1948 the National Health Service Act and the National Insurance Act were introduced for a weekly payment by all people earning wages. This was a huge advance for womens equality and their place in society as it now made them equal. In the first few months thousands of women went to the NHS to be treated of illnesses that they had previously had to suffer in silence. The introduction of the Welfare State also brought about the Butler Education Act. This meant that the minimum age to leave school was now raised to fifteen for all children. This was another huge advance for girls in school as it meant that there was now not only had free secondary education, and therefor this meant that the government recognised girls ability to thrive within a working and intellectual environment. It also meant that they were being put on the same level platform and being given equal opportunities in schools as boys, which would then go onto to effect the whole generations and its way of dealing with women as equals. However the system was slightly corrupt and it was not entirely equal. When pupils went up into secondary schools they had to take an 11+ exam to determine which type of school they would go in to. There were three different types, grammar for the most academic, secondary modern and technical for pupils who would be more suited to manual and primary sector jobs. Although the system seemed to give equal opportunities for both girls and boys there were infact more grammar schools for boys than there were for girls. The Welfare State also introduced family allowances to try and deal with poverty among families with a large numbers of children. It meant that for each child a small payment was paid to the women to help keep the child. This meant that the women now had some control over the finances within the household and that the man could not just go out and spend the money needed for the children. I believe that in the 1940s and 50s womens role in society improved greatly and that there were huge leaps made towards equality. However there were still some major issues that still had not been resolved and needed to be if there was going to get equality between men and women

Religion :: essays research papers

Religion "Religion" is a simple word that divides humanity in several groups. It is the claim of many influential Christian and Jewish theologians that the only genuine basis for morality is in religion(Nielsen 13). The morals and beliefs of children are greatly influenced by their home life. It is sad how children grow up, not able to research into their beliefs, but conform to the beliefs that have run in their families for generations. Not many children break away from the traditional religion in their family because it has been practiced and influenced for many years. If one should participate in breaking tradition, he could be challenged by the family to show reasoning behind the change(Kaplan 258). In doing this, society still will be diverse, but at least that is one more person trying to express an opinion. The Old Testament is an accurate and valid resource to use when trying to explain Christianity and faith. For example, it is amazing how one can justify his faith to a strong Catholic family whentrying to prove that salvation is a free gift and not a time card for "good works." There is much difference between the religion of Catholicism and non- denominational Christianity. Though both groups believe in one God, the same God, growing up in the midst of the bickering of the two groups can confuse a child and bring bitterness toward this God that Christians believe is all-loving. School is an area where temptations are thrown in people's faces each day. Many people are challenged each day in these situations; children may be challenged in their home or in school because of the issue of salvation and trying to maintain a strong-willed mind as a young Christian. Catholic children are taught their religion in CCD classes, and the result is the children learning to be good in order to go to heaven. Many of the the things they are taught come from the Old Testament. The Christian Bible includes the Old Testament unlike Judaism where their bible is the Old Testament. Children learn Christian virtues such as faith, obedience, piety, chastity, love, mercy, and humility(Garner 272). Catholic children are also taught that if they do sin, than they simply can go confess their sins to a priest and then they are forgiven. According to the Old Testament, salvation is free gift and forgiveness is given straight from God, not through some high standing official in the Church. Catholics are given a bad name, and their religion is considered to be hostile towards others and unethical at times(Hudnut 22).

Analysis of the Forge by Seamus Heaney Essay

The title of the poem means a blacksmith.The line presents a contrast between the dark, the older time period of his profession, and the outside, modern world, in which his profession is less visible and honored.The poem uses the image of a blacksmith and the nature of the profession. â€Å"Old axles and iron hoops† show that he has been doing this for years.The previous line describes how the older tools are outside, outdated and now unusable they are. In this line however it talks about how although the old and once trusted tools are no longer in use, work is continuing on in the blacksmith’s shop. Their work does not stop just as the times change and new equipment is developed.â€Å"The unpredictable fantail of sparks† describes how long the black smith has been working. Being a blacksmith, shifting metal has certain qualities. Such as when the sparks fly.He notices the sparks can symbolize how the sparks seem never ending there are too many of them. This coul d also be shown as his life in the blacksmith profession, Neverending and unpredictable.This line describes how when something new comes into the blacksmith shop it doesn’t fit in well. The change is not adapted to the shop.This line shows the image of putting a hot horseshoe in cold water, the steam rising up as the cool water hits the heated steel.Describing the ring of the anvil the hiss of the water. It uses sound to tell the reader in the environment and action he is in.The fact that the anvil has to be in the â€Å"centre† shows the importance that the blacksmith puts on the anvil. since he later refers to it as an â€Å"altar† it relates to the fact that he treats it religiously, its very important. The altar is place in the center so that it can be the center of everything in order to honor the item and give it worship.It is also described with the word â€Å"unicorn† gives the anvil a fantastical and mystical quality which also shows that the blacksmith relies on it very much. The anvil is like dark age of the man. It’s foreign to the rest of society.Also he is talking about the anvil and how it is a simple tool that is square wi th two horns on each end. There is nothing fancy or detailed, reflecting the past and how tools and other things were made for one purpose only and that was to get the job done nothing else. Many tools have numerous detailed parts to them. Yet here is this blacksmith who is stuck in his ways and refuses to move forward with the rest of the world and  stick to his old ways. However the blacksmith himself views his work, and calls the anvil an â€Å"altar† which supports how much he honours his work. Where he â€Å"expands himself in shape and music† shows how more focused on his anvil.The blacksmith sees his work as something that is highly valuable and you should people should respect him for that. Furthermore the profession of a Blacksmith is not nice and sweet . It is not about looking good while being at work, rather it is only about making a useful object for someone else.The â€Å"Sometimes† of this line shows that the job of a blacksmith is not in a suit and tie kind of job. There is no profession and no required uniform. He has been doing this job for such a long time, that he has lost the urge to look or dress a certain way. All of his customers have known him for a long time and know what all he does, so he has become comfortable with who he is and does not worry if there are â€Å"hairs in his nose. †Leaning† means he is maybe tired of doing his job and the effort he puts in is fading away. In this line the speaker shows his enjoyment of his work but as he is getting older doesn’t care as much. His references the â€Å"clatter of hoofs where traffic is flashing in rows† referring to a time when the street were his place of business and was not filled with cars, but with horses.This can be further informed on line five â€Å"Or the hiss when a new shoe toughens in water† This line also shows the speakers change and how the modern world finds him remarkably old. The blacksmith has seen his job as his main routine in hi s life working with the â€Å"bellows† and beating â€Å"real iron†.The poem ends in this image to show that a persons way of life is natural.

Nutrition & Fitness Paper Essay

Nutrition and Fitness play different roles in American’s lives. According to Healthy People 2010 54% of Americans are not regularly active, 15% are not active at all. Americans consume too many calories, often in the form of added sugars and fats, but too few vitamins and minerals, in part because the intake of fruits, vegetables, and milk products is relatively low. (Insel & Roth. 2008 p.367) There is a number of health risks associated with obesity. According to WebMD.com â€Å"Obesity is not just a cosmetic problem, it’s a health hazard. Someone who is 40% overweight is twice as likely to die prematurely as is an average-weight person. This is because obesity has been linked to several serious medical conditions†. Some of the health risks that are associated with obesity include: Heart disease and stroke, High blood pressure, Diabetes, Cancer, Gallbladder disease and gallstones, Osteoarthritis, and Breathing problems, such as asthma. (WebMD.com). There are many ways that American’s can incorporate fitness and nutrition in their daily lives. This paper will discuss fitness and nutrition habits, and suggest new habits that will benefit your health and promote healthy weight. My current fitness and nutritional habits include many positive traits. For starters I always try to eat something nutritious every two to three hours each day, by doing this I continually eat healthy foods and I stay fuller longer reducing the chances of having fatty snack foods throughout the day. I try to remember to make sure that each of my meals contains lean protein, like some fish, turkey, or egg whites and the appropriate servings from the food pyramid. I love fruits so I try to eat a lot of fruits and vegetables with each meal or as a snack in throughout the day. On occasions I have a high carbohydrate drink that is high in protein such as soy milk combined with a serving of a nutritional carbo snacks, usually within thirty minutes before a workout. I also try to regularly drink only non-calorie containing beverages, like water or sugar free water based drinks. I try to eat healthy fats on a daily basis, like almonds, nuts, fish, and flax seed oils. I know that I should obtain all of my carbohydrates from fresh fruits and vegetables, but sometimes have limited time to prepare these items due to my hectic schedule and I find myself taking easy shortcuts. In an attempt to better my fitness habits I will attempt to incorporate some  new fitness habits into my daily lifestyle. Three new fitness habits that I could reasonably incorporate into my lifestyle would include eating healthy breakfast, exercising first thing in the morning and obtaining my vitamins and nutrients through foods versus vitamin supplements. It is commonly said that breakfast is the most important meal of the day well this has always been a statement that is hard for me to live by. I often find myself rushing out the door to get my child off to school and make it to work on time without indulging in breakfast first. By the time I get around to having my morning meal it is nearly lunch time. My metabolism is running at the lowest gear of the entire day when I first wake up in the morning. My body is running on pure fumes alone. The second I eat something, my body cranks into gear and metabolically starts working at a higher rate. If I could make time to incorporate breakfast into my day my metabolism would kick into gear much sooner and I would have more energy which would result in an overall better day and a better workout. As with eating breakfast getting in a quick workout in the morning will jump start my metabolism for the day. Just quick ten or fifteen minutes of a workout in the morning will give me more energy and prepare me for my hectic day. The later in the day I work out the less likely I will be able to get to sleep on time. Overall I think exercising in the morning makes me feel healthier and gives me a better attitude. I have discovered that I need to try to get my vitamin and nutrients intake through my food supply rather then through supplements. Supplements only provide the vitamins and minerals listed on the bottle. But food supplies a lot more – antioxidants, phytochemicals that are beneficial to the body, and probably even things that scientists haven’t discovered yet. It’s also cheaper to get nutrients this way. A bottle of multivitamins may not be expensive, but if one was to factor in all the other things, such as antioxidants and essential fatty acids, the cost would be quite high. By obtaining my vitamins and nutrients through my food intake I will be receiving additional benefits. In conclusion, I understand that there are several habits that I need to change regarding my nutrition and fitness. I now realize that if I can make the three fitness and nutritional changes and incorporate them into my lifestyle I can greatly improve my nutrition and fitness. I also understand that I am putting myself at a higher risk of developing several health related problems if I do not make and attempt to better my nutritional habits. I hope that in the coming weeks that I can make the necessary changes to not only promote healthier nutrition and fitness habits, but overall health and wellness as well. References Insel, P.M., & Roth,W.T. (2008). Core concepts in health (10th ed.) Chapter 1. Boston: McGraw-Hill. Retrieved from the University of Phoenix May 11, 2009Loss: Health Risks Associated With Obesity. Retrieved from the World Wide Web at: http://www.webmd.com/cholesterol-management/obesity-health-risksWeight-loss.emedtv.com (2006-2008) May 11, 2009

What The Doctor Ordered Essays - Frankenstein, Free Essays

What The Doctor Ordered Essays - Frankenstein, Free Essays What The Doctor Ordered WHAT THE DOCTOR ORDERED Life is a rat race. In order to succeed, one is required to stay in the front of the pack. To lead a happy, loving life, however, one must stop and smell the roses so the meaningful qualities in life don't pass you by. A prime example of a person who overlooks this aspect of life can be found in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. Through Dr. Frankenstein, Shelley warns readers of the consequences of playing god and allowing business to take you away from the simple pleasures in life. As shown through him, too much knowledge and determination may not be what the doctor ordered. Frankenstein illustrates god-like characteristics by creating a living creature. As a boy he was deeply smitten with the thirst for knowledge (22), and obtained an eager desire to learn (23). This dedication and love for science he pursued led him to crave more and strive to go one step further than other scientists have in the past. Devoting his life to learning the sciences of the human frame, Frankenstein became capable of bestowing animation upon lifeless matter (37), and recognizes the chance to become the father of a new type of species he can take credit for. Ironically, Frankenstein's creature obtains the power to destroy his creator, along with all civilization. If God, the single perfect being, cannot create perfect life, how could an imperfect person possibly do it? Frankenstein is oblivious to the danger of his knowledge and to the citadel of nature (25) he will enter by becoming aware of the secrets of heaven and earth (23). Frankenstein travels down a dangerous path whe n he goes as far as to play God by exploring supernatural life and after his work is complete, he fearfully realizes that he not only created a new life, but with that life, he brought a new form of evil into the world. During the two years Frankenstein worked on his creation he became totally absorbed in his work which leads to neglect towards himself, his family, and the beautiful scenes of nature he, in the past, took pleasure in. Once he dived headfirst into his project, he showed no signs of coming up for air. Frankenstein puts his life on hold and seemed to have lost all soul or sensation but for this one pursuit (39). In fear of an unsuccessful outcome, he ruthlessly works day and night trying to complete his work. In the process, he deprived [himself] of rest and health (42) and became pale and emaciated due to this lacking. Not only did he neglect his health, Frankenstein also overlooked his loving family who began to worry about him. Obviously [he] knew [his] silence disquieted them (40), but couldn't tear himself away from his work long enough to simply reply to their letters. Another pleasure Frankenstein tried to forget was the nature he had always found comfort in. However, not even th e charms of nature (40) could break the force field isolating Frankenstein and his creation in the study. Once he realized all the pleasures he set aside due to the overwhelming desire he beheld for his work, Frankenstein began making excuses. He made himself believe that the passion and peace he felt towards his family and the beauties of nature stood as an obstacle in his path and would only disturb his tranquility (40). When you give up the things you love and the aspects of life that have always given pleasure to you, you risk losing them forever. Frankenstein became so caught up in his work he missed out on two years of his life. He never visited his family and it wasn't until after his work was done did he read a letter sent to him by Elizabeth updating him on everything that had gone on. After Frankenstein is aware of the monster he produced, he understands all he gave up and now regrets what he allowed his life to become. Getting caught up in the rat race led Dr. Victor Frankenstein to the terrible fate like had in store for him. All too late, he realizes that a truly happy man never losses sight of the important aspects he

Fundamentals of Skillful Story Writing for Our Readers Only!

Fundamentals of Skillful Story Writing for Our Readers Only! How to Write a Good Story Although a common hobby and a way of time spending, writing has not become any easier since the Ancient Greek times. Every person out of two blogs, and every one out of five is ‘working on the book of his life’ that ends up in a fireplace after no publisher accepted it. Truth be told, way too many people think themselves a true Hemingway reborn. If you are made of a different material and actually want to learn to write well, here are a few recommendations we scraped up for aspiring writers. Do not start writing unless you are in a resourceful state. Make yourself write random things, if need be, until you feel that your brain is ready for productive work. Excluding large historical novels, every piece of writing is based on everyday life, and this is where you should scoop up your inspiration. Look around, remember and process if you want your writing to be natural. There are various techniques for working on a literary work. You can just let yourself go and write, then cutting and modifying ruthlessly at the editing stage, or you can work out the plot before you turn on your laptop. The only obligatory thing is to work out your characters before you make them interact with each other. Do not be afraid to write about unattractive things (Like George Martin does, for instance). Dark and sinister events tend to attract readers. Five senses should be appealed to with no exceptions. This is what makes you writing ‘alive’. One of the tricks is using a so-called ‘hypnotic writing’ that will capture your reader until the very end. There are lists of words to use for this purpose, and the word ‘story’ is one of them. More on hypnotic writing is available online. Make the reader empathize. Make him laugh and cry with you, make him feel sorry for your characters and feel satisfied when justice is done. Your writing cannot be plain. It must have emotional bumps and gashes. Last but not least, do not under or overestimate intelligence of your reader. In both cases, it will be annoying. Learn your audience before you start writing. At: ozzz.org  you may find some more new and interesting information on the issu?

Toulmin analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Toulmin analysis - Assignment Example This is because the former keep the peroxide or whitening agent against the teeth for the longest duration of time (TTWK, 2009). Backing in the form of support for the warrant, are that: whiter teeth enhance the personality, help to establish a better image of oneself, improves one’s social life, and boosts confidence, all of which lead to a better quality of life. Qualifiers: Stains on the teeth occur as a result of drinking red wine, coffee and cola. However, they may be caused by other reasons as well such as the use of tobacco, improper brushing of teeth, or drinking tea. Therefore, the qualified claim is that the most significant causes, though perhaps not the only causes of staining of the teeth are: drinking red wine, coffee and cola. Interpreting the results using the Toulmin Analysis above, indicates that the overall effectiveness of the argument appears to be strong, with a structured support. The argument presented by the manufacturers of Smile Brite teeth whitener appears compelling regarding its high levels of convenience, effectiveness, and ultimate usefulness in improving overall quality of life. According to ADA (2009), recent research conducted by Cochrane collaboration reveals that home-use teeth whiteners have short-term effectiveness in whitening teeth, but further research is required on the long-term outcomes and side effects of their use. The Toulmin Analysis is a useful tool for researchers and writers, since the various parts of an argument: the claim, data/ support and warrants, and the qualifiers, rebuttals and backing for the warrants can be analysed and compared separately. The validity of each argument of other authors, as well as a thorough analysis of the writer’s own arguments results in a critical research study of a topic (Hitchcock & Verheij,

Critical Thinking - Michael Alvarez Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Critical Thinking - Michael Alvarez - Essay Example Students tend not to concentrate on their studies when they feel like aliens in a classroom (MacCorquodale, 1970). Therefore, it is essential for his educators to put him in a class where a majority of the learners are ELLs. This will improve his chances of learning. Students need rewards in order to appreciate what they are learning (MacCorquodale, 1970). Therefore, in order to make Alvarez complete his daily assignments, it is essential for his educators to frequently reward, not only Alvarez, but every student who complete their assignment successfully. Rewards not only refer to material things as, at times, psychological appreciation might help (Skinner, 1957). This will, in reality, gives Alvarez the feeling that he is doing the right thing by taking part in class activities. Michael’s parents, as well as his siblings, are the people who should positively shape Alvarez attitude. They should act in a manner that will enable Alvarez to gain respect of others (Skinner, 1957). Charity begins at home, and the way Alvarez family members behave is how he will behave. They should stress to their son the importance of education and try to support him whenever

1. The different forms of currency regimes and their impact on Essay

1. The different forms of currency regimes and their impact on economic activity - Essay Example The currency regime that a country adopts may have an effect on its economic growth; this is collaborated by the breakdown of Breton Woods’s countries, which adopted different types of regimes after the collapse of their union. The different types of regime that countries adopt have, largely affect their economic performance depending on their magnitude of their external trade or liberalization of their economy. Initially, there were two widely accepted currency regimes, which included floating and fixed exchange rates. However due to the dynamics in the international economic system and the desire of states to balance between independent monetary policy, rigidly fixed exchange rates and completely fixed capital mobility, several other monetary regimes have cropped up, these include float, dollarization, pegged float, currency boards and fixed currency regimes. In this paper, I am interested to study the different kinds of currency regimes and their impact on economic activity . In the next section, I will discuss the different forms of currency regimes and their use; in section three, I will analyse how these currency regimes have influenced economic activities of countries. This type of currency regime allows a currency’s value to fluctuate depending on the exchange rate market; in the current economic system, most of the currencies such as the United States dollar, the Japanese yen and the euro are floating currencies. However, in some instances, central banks of the respective countries enter the market in order to influence the exchange rates. The use of floating currency regime enables a country to be able to mitigate the effects of shocks in the international economic system (Miles, 2006, p91). Dollarization can be viewed as currency substitution where another country uses dollar as its only currency or alongside another currency. The United States dollar is the currency that is most used as a substitute

Comparing US-Canadian Healthcare Systems

Comparing US-Canadian Healthcare Systems Health care in many parts of the world is considered a basic right that should be given to people. Access is crucial in order to ensure the efficient delivery of basic health care services. In general, health care systems are organized in order to provide treatment of diagnosed health care problems and these systems are usually government-run, meaning they utilize the peoples taxes. Though most of the health care systems differ, they share common goals and outcomes as well as features that identify them with the universal health standards. Since the end of the Second World War, universal health coverage remained a contentious public issue in the United States. Today, it is the only wealthy nation in the world to not yet adopt universal health coverage. The debate is often framed by comparing the efficiency of the U.S. healthcare system with that of other affluent nations. Though practically joined to the hip in terms of history and geography, the health care systems of the U.S. and Canada are always basis for comparison because they offer two contrasting models. Canada, like many developed countries in Europe, follow a universal and single-payer healthcare system while the U.S. has decided to retain a limited and multi-payer system of health care. A comparison of the health care systems of both countries reveal that in terms of accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and health care outcomes, the Canadian health care system may be a better model from which the U.S. could learn from. Public Policy, Coverage and Access: It is presumed that the government, being the sole purveyor of public policies must address the aspect of health issues and its impact on the citizenry. There is an extensive involvement in the medical market place including financing, direct supervision, regulation, and subsidization (Henderson 2008). In addition, 45 percent of health care spending comes from government sources such as Medicare, Medicaid and various health plans for both civilian and military (Henderson 2008). The United States remained to be the only economically developed country that has not provided universal health care access to its population so that today, millions of Americans remain uninsured (Brown and Lavarreda 2007). Moreover, because there is no universal access to health care services, not all Americans are entitled to even the routine and basic health care services (Shi and Singh 2009). The issue of health insurance coverage remains to be a contentious point because it is the principal financial means where people can obtain their health care services. Its importance is noted on several studies that compare the access of insured and uninsured people as well as in the studies that validates over time the effects of losing or acquiring insurance and its health status. Since absence of the universal health care access is present in the United States, several subsystems have evolved from either through market forces or the need to take care of certain population segments (Shi a nd Singh 2009). In Canada, a single-payer system is managed by the government for the delivery of healthcare. This entitles every citizen to have a universal access regardless of the ability to pay (Howard-Hassmann and Welch 2006). The universal single-payer system differs from what is being employed in the United States privately funded system. Here, every citizen carries a health care card that can be used in seeking medical intervention without the burden of paying the bill immediately (Howard Hassmann and Welch 2006). The funding is generally from the federal government but certain provisions vary depending on the province. It was in 1962 that a major reform in the health care delivery policy of Canada was done starting with the province of Saskatchewan, which was subsequently adopted in the whole country (Kendall 2008). Reform attempts in the United States during Clintons administration faced a strong opposition from insurance companies who held most of the funding (Howard Hassmann and Welch 2006). In addition, various obstacles such as political and ideological factors, the complexity of the proposed reform plan and the diverse opinions in all the fifty states all militated against the passage of much-needed health care reform (Howard Hassmann and Welch 2006). Until present, the problem persists and more than 40 million Americans are not covered by health insurance (Shi and Singh 2009). The Price and Quality of Health Care: The concept of quality of care in the booming health care industry is more than just an idea. It entails essential details for patient care and the ability to cover up the finances. According to the Institute of Medicine (1990), quality is defined as the degree to which health services for individuals and populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes (quality principles) and are consistent with the current professional knowledge (professional practitioner skill) and meet the expectations of the healthcare user (the marketplace) (Cohn and Hough 2008). This view suggests that good clinical quality produces quality outcomes because the efficiency of the medical practice reduces medical malpractice liability and ultimately enhances financial viability (Cohn and Hough 2008).The National Quality Forum (NFQ) as a non-profit organization seeks to promote new guidelines, standards and quality measures to resolve serious and persistent quality deficiencies; it also seeks to re concile the superfluous and often incompatible guidelines, standards and measures of reporting be various health care organizations dedicated to the improvement of quality health care management (Jonas, Goldsteen and Goldsteen 2007). The issue of regionalization that started in Saskatchewan was seen by others as a way of redirecting the responsibility of budget and funding allocations from the Cabinet down to the provinces regional board (Beach, et al. 2006). This leads to the major advantage of the Canadian health care system over the United States reflected in the reduction of administrative costs. Administrative costs reach 20 percent of the U.S. health care dollar while Canada covers only 10 percent (Kendall 2008). Altogether, with the introduction of the publicly funded system, the cost is well controlled and the Canadian health expenditure per capita increased from 1975 to 1991 but significantly declined by 0.3 % per year (Rapoport, Jacobs and Jonsson 2009). From an economic perspective, the price of health care should equal to the marginal cost of production where most of this scheme prevails in competitive free market ensuring fair profit (Marchildon, et al. 2004). Since 1960, the United States healthcare expenditures increased yearly in both absolute and relative terms and in 1980, the annual rate of increase was always in the double-digit range (Jonas, Goldsteen, and Goldsteen 2007). Uncontrolled health care cost and spending accounts much of the reason for increasing costs of health insurance in the United States plus a decline in the employment based insurance reflected a fundamental flaw in the current health care system (Andersen, Rice and Kominski 2007). Health Care Outcomes: Health of the population is a concern for governments and certain goals and standards must be met to ensure a better quality of life. Based on health indicators used to evaluate the effectiveness of services rendered, a study concluded that the current health care system delivery of the United States resulted to poor outcomes (Henderson 2008). A health indicator reflects more than the health care delivery as it either praises or fault a system where life expectancy and infant mortality rate indicates whether aspects such as environment, lifestyle choices, and social problems are properly addressed. In the U.S., male life expectancy at birth was lower at 75.2 years and female life expectancy at 80.4 years. In Canada, male life expectancy was 77.8 and 82.6 years for females. The infant mortality rate in the U.S. is also higher by 5.3 percent than in Canada (Henderson 2008). The poor performance of the U.S. healthcare system could mean that the higher investment in health services does not generate an equal return for its consumers and the consumption of health services is not really value driven (Cohn and Hough 2008). The assessment of the quality of care faced two key challenges and these reflects the involvement of varied factors outside the health care system (Andersen, Rice and Kominski 2007). Adequate methods in managing the variations in health profile and severity of illness must be compared in using the first key challenge in comparison of health plans and providers (Andersen, Rice and Kominski 2007). Moreover, the second challenge is the issue of attribution in using the outcomes data where the determination of the extent to which the health plans or physician that is being evaluated is responsible for the observed outcomes. Despite the use of several indicators to assess the effectiveness of health care systems, several factors can affect the health outcomes and not all of these can be modified by the health care delivery system (Andersen, Rice and Kominski 2007). This could mean that the lower infant and mortality rate in Canada reflects the quality of care and tells us more about the social conditions rather than the quality of health care delivery itself (Weitz 2009). Impact on the Economy: Economic evaluation is an important tool to gauge the impact of the healthcare outcomes because it considers both the financial and the social attributes of the health care system delivery. The most prominent and widely-used technique for analysis in the economic evaluations of health care systems is cost-effectiveness (Henderson 2008). Cost-effectiveness is integrated into the healthcare policies in Canada, Australia and Europe but the increasing value of it must not be rendered the sole factor in funding for a treatment project (Henderson 2008). Based on spending, Canada and the U.S. allot a significant percentage of their GDP to healthcare, higher than most industrialized nations. Canadas healthcare spending comprises 10 percent of its economy while the U.S. spends as much as 16 percent on healthcare. This big gap on spending between the two nations is due to the difference in overhead. Because of its single-payer system, Canada does not require the service of actuaries who set premiums or lawyers who deny care as the U.S. does. Nonetheless, the contribution of the health industry to the U.S. economy in many levels is a major factor why attempts toward major healthcare reforms have faced difficult opposition. In addition, the health sector makes major contributions in the overall income and employment in the United States (Cohn and Hough 2008). It was predicted that 16 percent of all new jobs created in the year 2012 will be in the health service industry with 10 of the 20 of the fast increasing job will be from the health care sector (Cohn and Hough 2008). Moreover, a ripple effect is created in the continuously growing healthcare industry due to its interconnectedness with the U.S. economy. Beyond its economic impact, there are plenty of qualitative reasons why healthcare is important. A strong healthcare infrastructure plus a leading health care organization would likely increase a community to be settled as a permanent residence for many individuals. Also, the presence of a healthcare facility in a community is important in business because of the industrys economic stability (Cohn and Hough 2008). Analysis: The comparison between the two countries respective health care system has presented knowledge about the differences in terms of public policy, coverage and access, price and the quality of healthcare, health care outcomes and the economy. The aforementioned literature has noted that government involvement played a major role in healthcare as governments have direct supervision, control, and regulation of the health care industry. Public policies addressed towards the need for universal access and coverage of healthcare differed in U.S. and Canada. All Canadians have a health care card that enables them to have access to basic health care services without the burden of directly paying because the government allocated a certain portion of their budget for the subsidization of health care costs. In the United States, there is no universally accessible health care delivery system because such service is restricted to the elderly and the most disadvantaged. The fact that most of the Amer icans do not have insurance is a problematic feature that drives calls for major reforms in the industry. What the Americans have are profit-centered insurance companies. This is the primary reason why the cost of health care in the U.S. is much higher than in Canada. Though reforms have been attempted, the issue is still unresolved as the healthcare industry threatens economic consequences should the private insurers and pharmaceutical companies start losing its profits. These companies, along with political pressure from anti-reform legislators have blocked the way for a major healthcare reform in the United States. Canada however was successful in the implementation of health care reform beginning in Saskatchewan in the 1960s In terms of expenditures, the literature also pointed to the high administrative costs make up bulk of healthcare cost in the United States. In Canada, this is properly subsidized by the government utilizing the decentralization of their public funding releg ated to their provincial governments. In terms of healthcare outcomes, the United States has a relatively poor performance in the most important evaluative tools of measuring the efficiency of its health care delivery. Infant morality rates scored high in the U.S. than in Canada along with the lowest years in both female and male life expectancy. This indicator reflects the kind of environment and the kind of sociopolitical issues the country is facing characterized with a high prevalence certain lifestyle diseases. Though not the sole reason for measuring quality of care, it is indeed a factor in the overall outcomes of health for both countries. In addition, the results of the health indicators for both countries emphasize not only the quality of care but also the social conditions present in each of their environment. Such conditions are very important aspects in the area of business of health care. People tend to choose their residence in a place where there is a visible and quality infrastructure such a state-of-the -art healthcare facilities. From an economic point of view, the health care industry proves to be a recession-proof industry as the need and demand for health care services are in constant in the community. The multibillion health care industries in the United States contributed much to the stability of the national economy of the country and this is also the reason for the failure of healthcare reform to materialize. Jobs and revenue generation constitutes a major issue in tackling health care in the United States, as with Canada. However, the subsidization is in effect in the Canadian health care system whereas in the U.S., some features of subsidization are being emulated in certain U.S. states, such as the value of cost-effectiveness in the measurement of their services over the price of services over time. Conclusion: Although the United States and Canada lie close to each other in terms of geography, the difference in their health care delivery system is unmistakable. In evaluating the various literature comparing the health care system of both countries, the Canadians seem to have a better health care delivery system than the United States based on three grounds. First, Canadas universal accessibility and coverage among its citizens to acquire basic health care services allows for the greater enjoyment of health rights than the restricted coverage offered in U.S. health care. Second, the health care outcomes that measures and evaluates the quality of care rendered among the healthcare consumers is relatively better in Canada than in the U.S. Lastly, the cost-effectiveness of the single-payer healthcare delivery system in Canada makes it a suitable model for other countries to follow.

Essay on Taming of the Shrew: Petrucio’s Desire for Katherine :: Taming Shrew Essays

The Taming of the Shrew: Petrucio’s Desire for Katherine  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      In the play The Taming of the Shrew by William Shakespeare, Petrucio recognizes, respects and desires Katherine’s strength of character.   Petrucio is a clever man who sees beyond facades because he uses them himself.   (II, i 46) (II, I 283 - 89)   He is stimulated by Katherine’s sharp tongue and harsh actions.   He proves this many times throughout the play. Petrucio is not in desperate need of money, but comes to Padua to find a rich wife.   He says â€Å"To wive and thrive as best I may,† when he is telling Hortensio why he came to Padua.   He means that he has come to find a wife and get richer.   From Petrucios response to his friend Hortensio (I,ii 64 - 75), it might be said that Petrucio came to Padua to make himself richer by marriage no matter how wretched the woman.   I don’t believe this is true.   He also tells Hortensio that his father has died and that he is out in the world to gain experiences he cannot at home, and to find a wife secondary.   (I,ii 49 - 57)   Petrucio enjoys verbal sport and a non-conventional sense of humor.   Petrucio surrounds himself with neither tame nor conforming people.   You can even see this in his servants.   His servants like him very much and enjoy his entertainments.   An example of this is when Petrucio and his servant man Grumio get into a disagreement about knocking on the gate.   Reflective of this is Petrucio’s methods to â€Å"woo† Katherine.   His methods are game like and outrageous.   Such as when he beats up Grumio because Kate’s horse stumbles, or showing up late to the wedding.   While showing Katherine how ridiculous she is about things, he is also making her feel special, which is something she never felt in life.  Ã‚  Ã‚   He also says that â€Å"This is the way to kill a wife with kindness.†Ã‚   (IV,i 211)   This is his courting method of when he makes the wife feel to good for everything surrounding her. When they eat dinner once he complains à ¢â‚¬Å"Endanger choler planteth anger†¦. since of ourselves are choleric†.   (IV, I 177) While Petrucio may not agree with what society has determined to be   proper, he is aware of the importance to conform.   He knows the ways of society and that he must demonstrate this to Katherine, who has no regard for public presentation.

Lifetime of Color Essay

In the 1900s, the world was suddenly enveloped by vagueness and uncertainty on what the future will bring. Prior to this period, the ambience was definite and secure. In relation to the art world, many artists were trying to outgrow the traditional styles that flourished all over the world. They wanted to create something different based from the conventional aesthetics popularized by the Renaissance. These artisans were considered as the founders of Modernism because they were trying to search for ways on how to display their new found outlook to ambiguity. This scenario laid the grounds for the founding of Cubism. This avant-garde art style movement began when a French painter called Paul Cezanne began to change his Impressionist style. Cezanne shifted from painting landscapes with pastel colors and soft brushstrokes to concentrating on portraying his own interpretation of the â€Å"shapes and forms† and he stayed away from rendering a realistic pictorial output. More so, he put more importance on the painting as a whole rather than focusing on the subject or the theme. Then, another artist came into the picture named Henri Matisse who also paved the way for the development of Cubism. Together with Louis Vauxcelles, an art critic and French journalist who â€Å"coined the term ‘les fauves’ (the wild animals) for the artists of Fauvism,† Matisse discovered an unusual painting by George Braque at the â€Å"Salon d’ Automne. † He said that the artwork incorporated â€Å"little cubes. † Braque’s painting showcased the landscape of the South of France with a surprising twist of including â€Å"two ascending lines meeting at the top and between several cubes. † This work of art provided artists who were looking for change with a new direction. Braque was the very first artist to create a cubist painting. Since then, despite the negative criticisms, cubism became an established style and art movement. The term â€Å"cubism† was developed by Vauxcelles when he was writing a report about the â€Å"Salon des Independants in 1909. † Through the ingenuity and innovation of Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, cubism has gained a big following in France and rest of the world. According to Picasso, Cubism has tangible goals. We see it only as a means of expressing what we perceive with the eye and the spirit, while utilizing the possibilities that lie within the natural properties of drawing and color, That became a source of unexpected joy for us, a front to discoveries. (Gantefuhrer-Trier, Gantefuhrer and Grosenick 2004, 6) It is evident that Cubism is the brainchild of Picasso and Braque. They were responsible for the proliferation of a modern, radical and powerful art style that significantly influenced the 20th century. The main focus of this style and movement is the â€Å"complete denial of Classical conception of beauty. † The untrained eye evaluated the by-products of the cubists as perplexing but for the avant-garde, they perceived cubism as the way to the future. In cubism, many traditional elements such as proportions, lines, perspective and forms are distorted. As a result, the visual representation looked like â€Å"a field of broken glass. † Because of this, cubism became known for its â€Å"geometrically analytical approach to form and color, and shattering of object in focus into geometrical sharp-edged angular pieces. † To form these unusual shapes, a systematic deconstruction was employed to create an illusion of three- dimensionality. Many cubists doubted the integrity of â€Å"whole† images because for them these were the synthetic and conventional outputs of the past artisans. They believed that â€Å"perspective space is an illusory, rational invention, or a sign system inherited from works of art since the Renaissance. Moreover, cubism has two major branches namely: Analytical cubism and Synthetic cubism. The former is defined as the intellectual distortion of a subject matter producing hard to interpret and ambiguous materials. Meanwhile, the latter is more â€Å"experimental nature of a collage† and highly decorative. It is easier to comprehend than analytic cubism because the images and forms are not that distorted and abstract. Since its inception, Cubism became a worldwide phenomenon in the field of art. It continues to challenge artists even in the contemporary period to advance the art style and the movement to better reflect culture and society. Pioneers of Cubism The growth of cubism in the 20th century is accredited to Pablo Picasso and George Braque. Both worked hand in hand in exploring and at the same time experimenting with a technique aimed at flattening space. They utilized bold colors, raw shapes and flattened space to display their non-conformist approach towards art. It was the focus on conveying emotions rather than the â€Å"intellectual experiment with structure† that set cubism from other avant-garde movements such as Fauvism. Pablo Picasso Pablo Picasso was a native of Spain. At an early age, he was already producing remarkable works of art. In the early 1900s, Picasso moved to Paris where he developed an artistic phase called the Blue period. This was the time when he used various â€Å"shades of blue† in portraying the darker side of particular place. By the time he met Fernande Oliver, Picasso’s gloomy works transformed into bright shades of red that became known as his Rose period. The circus theme seemed to be the favorite subject of Picasso during this period. By 1906, he went to Spain that marked another modification in his art style. During his stay there, he was greatly influenced by â€Å"African, Green and Iberian art. † He incorporated geometrical forms that made his paintings very forward-looking. Then, Picasso met another intriguing artist named George Braque. In 1908 to 1911, they developed a unique style of painting landscape wherein they included cube shapes or forms in the picture. This became known as analytic cubism. This style was formed by â€Å"by breaking down and analyzing a object† and utilizing a monochromatic earthy brown color scheme. By 1912, Picasso started to use other elements in his artworks that resulted to the creation of collages which is also known as synthetic cubism. This style is more for decorative purposes. In the late 1920s, Picasso moved to Rome, Italy where he got married. In this period, he painted â€Å"neoclassical pictures of women and pictures inspired by Greek mythology. † By the time WWI broke out, Picasso created Guernica, to demonstrate his opposition over the bombing of â€Å"Basque town of Guernica on April 26, 1937 during the Spanish Civil War. † The painting was filled with symbolisms that represented the wickedness attached with the bombing. By the time of the end of WWII until Picasso’s death in 1973, his paintings veered towards more somber theme dealing about death. Some of Picasso’s famous artworks include Woman with a Crow (1903), Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1907), Geometric Composition: The Guitar (1913) and many others. George Braque On the other hand, George Braque also lived a full life personally and professionally in the realm of art. He studied painting at the â€Å"local art school in Le Havre,† France. This was followed by a more formal training at the â€Å"Academie Humbert and at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in the studio of Leon Bonnat. † Braque started out with impressionism wherein he was influenced by Matisse and Derain. By 1906, he got immersed with Fauvism and started to use light and bright colors combined with undulating patterns. But he stood out from the rest of the fauvists when he employed â€Å"architectonic solidity of composition and an emphasis on strongly defined volumes rather than color and brushwork. † The year 1907 became a crucial time for Braque and cubism. This was the time when Braque was once again inspired by Paul Cezanne and this was also the time when he met Pablo Picasso. Because of them, Braque’s outputs developed into something more radical. After only three years, the tandem of Braque and Picasso produce a new form art style called the analytic cubism which is described as the â€Å"nonillusionistic and nonimitative method of depicting the visual world. † The partnership of these two artists was mutual and their connection was so strong that their artworks cannot be distinguished from one another. The Violin and Pitcher (1910) is a very suitable example of an analytic cubism by Braque. Most of his paintings during this period were fragmented resulting to a â€Å"compact pictorial structure. † In 1914, Braque ventured into another phase of cubism which was called synthetic cubism wherein the artistic treatment included the use of â€Å"brightly dotted decorative passages. † Then, he moved to Normandy, France in the 1930s which have influenced Braque to shift his themes to seascapes. His painting style employed the use of â€Å"ornamentation and patterned surfaces. † From the 1930s to the 1950s, Braque grew interests on birds, melancholic themes, brilliant fauvist colors that were all seen in his â€Å"sculptures, graphics, book illustration, and decorative art. † Famous Cubist Artworks In the early 20th century, a new wave of artists have emerged that embraced a new progressive art style that had made a significant influence in the art world and the rest of the society and this was Cubism. This innovative movement aided in the development of contemporary art. More so, cubism led to the activation of many artists’ creative geniuses and induction of their bravery to go against the flow. Because of this, numerous masterpieces have emerged that embodied the unique principles and avant-garde style of cubism. Les Demoiselles d’Avignon by Pablo Picasso (1907) This painting showed Picasso’s portrayal of sexuality and his defiance over the traditional rules on visual elements and principles of design. The images integrated illustrated five naked female â€Å"prostitutes in a brothel. † In terms of form, human bodies were deformed with distorted body proportions. Also, out of the five figures, three were wearing ancient African masks that made the painting more interesting. More so, the â€Å"bold, brash diagonal lines and angular planes added a sense of violence to the composition. † The colors used were a mix of bold hues of reds and blues that were combined with the subtle pink and flesh tones. Through this, each figure was able to stand out from one another. Another intriguing factor of the painting is the â€Å"two central figures† that appeared to be looking directly at the viewers. This was probably intentional on the part of Picasso to grab the attention of the viewers. The Les Demoiselles d’Avignon is one of the first models for analytic cubism that successfully demonstrated that three dimensionality can be achieved even without the employment of perspective. Violin and Pitcher by Georges Braque (1909-1910) This still life painting is another example of analytic cubism. Based on the title, the main focus of this artwork is the violin and the pitcher. Many believed that Braque developed a fascination with musical instruments even if he did not know how to play. For him, painting these instruments was his way of showing his departure with naturalism. The treatment on the primary figures was distorted in order to illustrate disintegration. The violin was twisted at the bottom to make the other parts more visible. On top of the violin is the pitcher that was also drawn in fragments to create an illusion of depth. The contrast of the shades of red and grey added more dramatic effect to the series of geometric shapes strewn all over the canvas. There is also a nail on top of the painting but it serves no real purpose unlike in Braque’s earlier painting, Violin and Palette. Underneath the nail is a â€Å"piece of paper† wherein the top right corner was folded that provided a flattening effect on the plane. This also projected a shadow that created an illusion of light â€Å"being beamed down from the top right corner. † Glass of Beer and Playing Cards by Juan Gris (1913) Juan Gris was part of the founding of Cubism together with Braque and Picasso. He pushed for the advancement as well as for the growth of this art movement. In his painting of the Glass of Beer and Playing Cards, it is ruled over by vertical lines that divide the canvas into several segments. A coherently silhouetted beer mug might be established by shifting the vertical band that constitutes the right side of the mug upward so that the white outline becomes contiguous with the outline of the fully modeled form of the mug to its left. But this realignment would in turn disalign the continuity between the blue curvature on the orange wallpaper and the edge of the sand to the right, both forms constituting a view from above of the beer’s foam. Changes or transformations in the appearance of an object seem to occur in a number of directions: they follow the alternating rhythm of vertical bands but also the contrapuntal system of horizontal bands. Occasionally there is also a sense of transformations occurring in depth, as if Gris had peeled away the surface of certain vertical bands to reveal an alternate mode of representation or point of view beneath. Still Life with Chair Cane by Pablo Picasso (1912) This is first painting of Picasso to represent synthetic cubism. It was one of the first illustrations of a collage painting. The elements present in the artwork are woven chair cane, various geometric drawings, newspapers, painted letters and wine labels which were all encapsulated by a rope around the oval canvas. In contrast with analytic cubism, this painting is less on deconstruction but more on juxtaposing different elements for decorative purposes. Since there is only a minimal presence of fragmentations, depth is nonexistent making the painting more flat. Art in the 1900s During the 1900s, several other art movements have emerged aside from Cubism. Some of these movements were the Abstraction, Fauvism, Futurism, Dadaism and Surrealism. The only common factor that binds these art movements is their ability to reject tradition and their flair for the modern aesthetics. In abstraction, the artists choose not to depict reality. The images are disfigured, the details are left out and the conventional perspective is altered. Meanwhile, Fauvism is known for its use of colors in portraying emotions. Fauvists created their masterpieces by imperfectly treating colors in an arbitrary style. On the other hand, Futurism is characterized by the abandonment of the â€Å"static and irrelevant art of the past and celebrating change, originality and innovation in culture and society. † This style celebrates the power and vivacity of machines. Moreover, Dadaism is another movement that garnered positive as well as negative feedbacks from art aficionados. This style is defined as â€Å"nihilistic, anti-aesthetic and a reaction to the rationalization, rules and conventions of mainstream art. † For Dada artists, their artworks are intended to be anti-art. The last movement is Surrealism which existed through the art style of Dadaism. Surrealist art was greatly influenced by the â€Å"theories of Dr. Sigmund Freud and the unconscious† which are represented in a dream or fantasy-like manner in paintings. Though cubism had a lot of competition, it still managed to continue to influence 1920s and even way beyond to the contemporary period. Today, many modern artists are using cubism in sculptures and architecture. Cubism had become more bold and experimental. It seemed like the artists have eliminated all boundaries for the sake of the enrichment of their creativity. Like in the 1900s, many modern artists are still faced with several challenges on how to make their artworks more pleasing to the public eye but at the same time they still want to render a significant importance to their own point of view in order not to compromise their artistic integrity for public support. The House of the Black Madonna in Czech Republic and Cal Poly Pomona University library in California symbolized that the spirit and philosophies of Cubism during its initial phase are still as intense and provocative as it is today. Conclusion In conclusion, Cubism has created a revolution in the world of art. It defied the conventions and traditional practices that have dominated in the 1900s. For many artists, it was not easy to challenge the existing status quo. But because of their yearning for change and their craving for stimulation, they were able to withstand the scrutiny and rejection made by society. Through the resilience and the drive of the cubist style for progress, it was able to endure the test of time that it continues to persist in the 21st century. Moreover, this art style and movement is an evident symbol of how human beings can perceive the world in a totally different way. More so, cubism has showcased the value of intellectual freedom and distinctive aesthetic, in which significantly contributed to the development of the visual art. Overall, cubism is a form of art that will keep on evolving for the expression and celebration of human’s vision, passion and imagination. BIBLIOGRAPHY â€Å"Art timeline. † 2007. A Lifetime of Color. http://www. alifetimeofcolor. com/study/timeline. html (accessed April 24, 2009). â€Å"Cubism. † 2007. Huntfor. com. http://www. huntfor. com/arthistory/C20th/cubism. htm (accessed April 23, 2009) Drinkwater, Lee. â€Å"Georges Braque Violin and Pitcher. † 2009. Lycos. co. uk. http://members. lycos. co. uk/cubist_movement/violin. htm (accessed April 24, 2009). Gantefuhrer-Trier, Anne, Gantefuhrer, Trie and Grosenick, Uta. Cubism. Germany: Taschen, 2004. â€Å"Georges Braque. † 1999. Discoverfrance. net. http://www. discoverfrance. net/France/Art/Braque/Braque. shtml (accessed April 23, 2009). Grisham, Kathleen. â€Å"Analytical Cubism. † n. d. West Valley College. http://instruct. westvalley. edu/grisham/1d_analycub. html (accessed April 23, 2009).