Medical and Social Models of Disability Essay - 1857 Words

It could be said that in modern industrial society, Disability is still widely regarded as tragic individual failing, in which its â€Å"victims† require care, sympathy and medical diagnosis. Whilst medical science has served to improve and enhance the quality of life for many it could be argued that it has also led to further segregation and separation of many individuals. This could be caused by its insistence on labelling one as â€Å"sick†, â€Å"abnormal† or â€Å"mental†. Consequently, what this act of labelling and diagnosing has done, is enforce the societal view that a disability is an abnormality that requires treatment and that any of its â€Å"victims† should do what is required to be able to function in society as an able bodied individual. The†¦show more content†¦The strong word in this definition is the word ‘normal’ whereby it can be said that the medical model aims to separate those who are considered normal and those that are not by terms of their ability or impairments in regards to undertaking a given tasks. It could be argued that this separation is not an easy task due to the scale and wide range of physical and psychological impairments that exist in a modern aging society, as Barnes and Mercer state â€Å"the notion that disablement is a medical problem which affects only a small proportion of the population can no longer be sustained† (1996:11). According the 2011 census one fifth of the population in the UK where registered as having a disability (ONS 2011) , according to another study, four out of every ten adult women and men have a `long standing illness or disability (CSO, 1996). The size of these figures, when combined with an aging population that is forever rising, are o nly set to increase year on year. With these figures in mind it could be argued that the full â€Å"range of actions† considered normal by society can only be fully undertaken by a select few, making fully abled minded and bodied individuals the minority. Despite this the medical model still hold on to the belief that individuals need to be treated to adhere to the norm. It is due to this that the model is sometimes also referred to as the â€Å"personal tragedy model† as it regards the difficulties that people with anShow MoreRelatedSocial Medical Model Disability1203 Words   |  5 PagesThe social and medical model of disability There are a number of ‘models’ of disability which have been defined over the last few years. The two most frequently mentioned are the ‘social’ and the ‘medical’ models of disability. The medical model of disability views disability as a ‘problem’ that belongs to the disabled individual. It is not seen as an issue to concern anyone other than the individual affected. For example, if a wheelchair using student is unable to get into a building becauseRead MoreThe Medical And Social Models Of Disability2264 Words   |  10 Pages What do you understand by the medical and social models of disability? Illustrate your answer with examples from your media portfolio. The social and medical model are separate elements which have a big impact on people’s life. Disability as a whole influences society because we start from a young age learning, which will effect the kind of person we are and the kind of person we become. The word ‘model’ helps define the disability and understand the concepts in which it is perceived by individualsRead More Social and Medical Disability Models Essay2243 Words   |  9 PagesI aim to provide the reader with an overview of two prominent models of disability: the medical model and the social model. More specifically, I intend to outline the differences between these models, especially their theory and practice. Firstly, I will note the definition of what a model of disability is and point to its relevance in disability studies. I will also briefly examine the origins of both the medical and social models, but mainly outlining the contributions of their respective theoreticalRead More3.3 Explain the Social and Medical Models of Disability and the Impact of Each on Practice.998 Words   |  4 PagesSocial models and medical models of disability By labelling a child because of there disability can prevent us as seeing the child as a whole person like their gender, culture and social background the medical models is a traditional view of disability and that through medical intervention the person can be cured where in fact in most cases there is no cure. They expect disabled people to change to fit into society. The social model of disability looks at ways to address issues to enable peopleRead MoreModels of Disability941 Words   |  4 PagesModels of Disability Disability is a human reality that has been perceived differently by diverse cultures and historical periods.   For most of the 20th century, disability was defined according to a medical model. In the medical model, disability is assumed to be a way to characterize a particular set of largely static, functional limitations. This led to stereotyping and defining people by condition or limitations.   World Health Organization (WHO) – New definition of Disability In 2001, theRead MoreThe Medical Model Of Disability952 Words   |  4 PagesDisability means something entirely different depending on the people you ask. Ask a person who does not have a disability and they may give you a view that is based on the medical model of disability. Ask a person that is disabled and they may give you a view that is based on the social model of disability. While both views of what disability means have their merits, not one interpretation is universally accepted. I believe the truth lies somewhere in the middle. At the intersection of the medicalRead MoreThe Medical Model Of Disability1533 Words   |  7 PagesThe medical model focuses more on the problem and not the person, so the problem would be things such as the disabilities and impairments rather than the needs of the person. The medical model thinks the way to solve the disability would be through things such as surgery, physio etc. If people who follow the medical model think that that a medical cure is not possible then they could exclude someone with a disability from a normal day to day activities or they could be shut way from society in aRead MoreContrast Between Social Model and Medical Model844 Words   |  4 PagesContrast Between Social Model and Medical Model. In my research I have come across many contrasts between the Social and Medical Models and here is just some of what I have found out. Under the Medical Model in New Zealand we have a very direct view with those that are classified as intellectually disabled, for example a child that is diagnosed with ADHD is automatically going to be hard for Parents and Society as a whole to deal with as according to Medical Model these children have authorityRead MoreSocial Model And The Medical Model1577 Words   |  7 PagesIn today s society two models dominate, the social model and the medical model. Both are used to label those who have impairments. The social model focuses on fixing the society to fit in with impairments which was introduced alongside the disability movement. The 18th century otherwise knowns as the age of enlightenment saw the introduction of some although very primitive ideas of human science and what may cause impairments with this came the ideals that today may be argued to be held with credibilityRead MoreEvaluate Two Models of Disability in Terms of Explaining the Concept of Disability.1613 Words   |  7 PagesEvaluate two models of disability in terms of explaining the concept of disability. Medical model;-- Weaknesses;-- There are many weaknesses of the medical model. One of the weaknesses that I am going to talk about is that in some cases people see the medical model as an insult due to the fact that the model tries to ‘fix’ people with a disability instead of making adjustments and adaptions to environments, activities etc†¦ for them. Due to the fact that the medical model is trying to ‘fix’ tem, may

Essay on Israels Controversy - 1036 Words

Israel is a high controversial state that all have differing opinions on. There are many things that make Israel a hot topic. In order to discover why Israel is so controversial, this paper will delve into the creation of Israel, and how it affects the area around it. Israel was created on November 29, 1947 by the United Nations in Resolution 181. Resolution 181, also known as the Partition Resolution, declared that the territory of Palestine would be divided into two separate states, one Jewish and one Arab, when the British Palestine mandate expired in May 1948. However, the city of Jerusalem was declared an independent city state, and would be protected by the United Nations (Creation of Israel). There are two main reasons why†¦show more content†¦The Jews lived had immigrated to Palestine after World War II and the Holocaust seeking protection. Many moved there for religious reasons, but others moved their with the goal of creating a Zionist state there. These immigran ts added to the pressure that was being put on the international community to form a Jewish state because they were buying up Palestine with the goal of moving Jews there. This was a problem because no one could prevent them from doing it. Finally, many countries were in support of a Jewish state in Palestine because of the Holocaust. All countries felt bad for the Jewish population of the world after the Holocaust, and they saw a Jewish state as a way to seek forgiveness from the Jews. There are many problems that stem from Israel being where it is. One problem is that three major world religions stake claim to Palestine as their holy land. This is a problem because each religion claims they own it, and that it was bestowed upon them in their holy text. The problem stems from each religious text specifically outlying the land they deserve. In the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, Genesis 15:18 states,on that day The Lord made a covenant with Abraham, saying, To your desc endants I have given this land, From the river of Egypt as far as the great river, the river Euphrates (Genesis 15:18). Since Muslims and Jews consider themselves to be People of the Book, and both their founders descendShow MoreRelatedA Special Relationship Between the United States and Israel Essay1180 Words   |  5 Pagesconstant international commentary. These developments have brought to the forefront a rather interesting facet of the Israeli/American relationship, one which this author believes to be a key element of Israel’s foreign policy, and which will become increasingly more important as time goes on – Israel’s desire to simultaneously remain in the good graces of the United States while not succumbing to the pressures of American foreign policies. In short, it can be argued that a goal of Israeli foreign policyRead MoreWhat Is The Israel Free Trade Agreement?760 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"liberal democracy in the Middle East† according to Lockie. Both countries share the fundamental idea of democracy. This is important for the U.S because of the political instability of the region. We benefit from Israel’s intelligence and insights into the Middle East political affairs. Israel’s intelligence is regarded as one of the most elite in the world. At SureFire LLC, we provide suppressors and tactical lights to the Israelis military so I have the opportunity to work with Israelis special forceRead MoreRecognizing Jerusalem As Israels Capital797 Words   |  4 Pagesreports to still fully intend on keeping his campaign promise to recognize Jerusalem as Israel’s capital and eventually move the embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. This however, is an extremely controversial move due to Jerusalem’s status and holy sites that are sacred to Jews, Christians, and Muslims as well as the age-old fight between Islamic Persian Gulf countries and Israel. Recognizing Jerusalem as Israel’s capital both sets America apart from the rest of its allies and will likely result inRead MoreA Political, Cultural, and Religious Description of the Current Atmosphere as Exists in Israel1268 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscussed. Israel is characterized by many religious groups including Greek Orthodox, Muslim, Palestinians, Jews, Arabs and others. Similarly, the Labor Ruling Party is integrally linked to religious orientation and has been embroiled in domestic controversy and flagellation from many sides in recent years. OVERVIEW Statehood in Israel was attained some three thousand years ago, and has served as the home of the Jewish people who are credited with giving the world the Bible. As mentioned, however, thisRead MorePalestinians Demand for Independence694 Words   |  3 PagesImagine someone took your own land away from you. Wouldn’t you fight back and seek justice? Wouldn’t you fight every bit of obstacles to gain independence? That is what the Palestinians are trying to do. The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict is a controversy between Israelis and the Palestinians over control of Jerusalem. The Israelis are mostly Jewish and the Palestinians are mostly Muslims. Jerusalem is located between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea and is one of the oldest cities in the world.Read MoreMiddle East Conflict Essay859 Words   |  4 PagesWorld War I, which was a critical time in the history of the modern Arab world. This was when Great Britain really started to delve into Arabic affairs, which is actually where the name Middle East comes from; â€Å"The terms origins are seeped in controversy for having originally been a European imposition of geographic perspective according to European spheres of influence. East from where? From London. Why ‘Middle’? Because it was half-way between the United Kingdom and India, the Far East† (middleeastRead MoreThe Historical Setting And How Much Of It Does Your Sermon Require? Essay899 Words   |  4 Pages text written? (if available) The story happened in the desert during Israel’s wandering, somewhere in the Sinai Peninsula, around 1450-1410 B.C. Furthermore, Moorey, affirms that â€Å"The is no evidence outside of the Old Testament for the Israelites’ stay in Egypt,† and Shaw and Nicholson also assert that â€Å"links between ancient Egypt and the events described in the Old testament are generally problematic and beset by controversy,† finally, The Pontifical Biblical Commission decided in 1906 that modificationsRead MoreAntisemitism in the Ukraine1186 Words   |  5 Pagestargeted there. Leaflets were distributed to Ukrainian Jews which is reminiscent of the Holocaust. These leaflets stated that Jews were to report their belongings and pay a fee of $50 or risk their citizenship. Where the leaflets all a ploy to stir up controversy? Some believe so. The Chief Rabbi of Ukraine gave an interview stating â€Å"I am not going to comment on the origin of this information. The Jewish community does not directly take part in political events. However the Jews as citizens do participateRead MoreThe Bayou Hedge Fund Group: Case Study1229 Words   |  5 Pagesthe hedge fund was successful. This influenced a series of other investors to direct their finances toward the company in hope of joining in on the apparently profitable enterprise. Goldman Sachs was a creditor for Bayou and this generated much controversy regarding the companys ability to detect fraud. On July 30, Goldman paid $20.7 million to roughly 200 Bayou investors in the United States. (Morgenson) Even with this, the Manhattan firm proceeded to issue a creditors claim for the same amountRead MoreThe October War of 1973 Essay1367 Words   |  6 Pagesgreat deal of controversy associated with this war, with both sides claiming to have been victorious. The October War of 1973 was fought between Israel, and their Arab neighbors: Egypt and Syria. There were tensions left over from the Six Day War of 1967 in which Israel successfully captured both the Egyptian Sinai peninsula and Gaza strip and the strategic Golan Heights from Syria1 [4]. After the Six Day War there was a ceasefire line created in Syria and Egypt separating Israel’s newly acquired

Louis Riel Essay Research Paper Louis RielLouis free essay sample

Louis Riel Essay, Research Paper Louis Riel Louis Riel should non hold been hung because he represented those who couldn t represent themselves. Louis Riel was disappointed with the manner the M Ti were, so he took it upon himself to stand for the M Ti and their rights. Even though the actions that followed, such as maintaining the new governor out the settlement, were illegal and really incorrect. Riel risked it for the rights of the M Ti. As for Thomas Scott, Riel has perfectly no legal right to hold him changeable, but Riel himself neer touched a gun for that intent. He had a firing squad shoot Scott. Although, Riel may hold ordered the squad to hit, but the work forces could hold backed down, no affair how powerful Riel seemed. After the rebellion, he was elected by Manitoba to sit in the House of Commons. Riel went to Ottawa but was non allowed to sit as a member in the House, for he was threatened by many to be changeable if he appeared in the House. We will write a custom essay sample on Louis Riel Essay Research Paper Louis RielLouis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This was the error of the authorities. They should hold sopped the bunk and menaces. For Riel was a adult male of thoughts. He was a adult male who was knowledged in the authorities. It was obvious since he formed his ain authorities. Riel would hold been an plus to the Canadian authorities. In 1884, Gabriel Dumont rode to Montana and asked Riel to support the M Ti one time once more. Riel returned to assist the indigens one time more. Riel was put on the lining gaining control when he returned. This was a really baronial act on his portion. Alternatively of remaining nice and safe in Montana, Riel gave up his safety for the M Ti. Riel decided to seek a calmer attack this clip alternatively of get downing an all out rebellion. Roentgen iel and the M tis drew up a petition and presented it to the government. The petition, which demanded more food and money for the natives, was looked over but not acted upon. The petition was fair in all parts but the government turned it down. It only demanded that what belonged to the natives be returned. In early 1885, Riel formed another provisional government, and started another rebellion. His followers killed many army troops, but once again it was not the hand of Riel that killed so many. It was of people who had their own thoughts and intuitions. They could have easily said no to Riel instead of shooting. In which case Riel was not fully responsible for the deaths. After a long rebellion consisting of many battles, Riel gave himself up. It was his actions that stopped the fighting and the killing. A lesser man could not have done such a thing. Riel was a prisoner of the Canadian government and was brought to trial for his part in the rebellion. During his trial, Riel s law yer thought the only way to get Riel out of this mess was for him to plead insanity. Riel would not plead insanity for he did not want his followers to look foolish. It was said, how could an insane person lead 700 people into a rebellion unless they were all insane? Louis was a truthful man and would not plead insanity because he was considerate as well. Riel believed he had an unfair jury, as the jury consisted of six English-speaking settlers. Riel s arguments were not listened to and he died an innocent man. Not guilty of killing many people, treason, forming a provisional government, and standing up for the right of the natives.

Sample Paper free essay sample

State the law that governs the strength of the current passing through a metallic conductor when a p. d is applied across its end. Illustrate this law graphically? 2. Why is an ammeter connected in series and voltmeter in parallel in a circuit? 3. In an experiment the current flowing through a resistor and potential difference across it are measured. The values are given below. Show that these values confirm Ohm’s Law and also find the resistance of the resistor. I (ampere) I(ampere) 1. 0 1. 0 2 1. 5 2. 0 2. 0 2. 5 2. 5 3. 3. 0 V (volt) V(volt) 4. 0 4. 0 6. 0 6. 0 8. 0 8. 0 10. 0 10. 0 12. 0 12. 0 4. What are ohmic conductors? What are non ohmic conductors? Give example 5. Draw the VI graph for an ohmic and a non ohmic conductor. 6. Calculate the number of electrons constituting one coulomb of charge? 7. A piece of wire is redrawn by pulling it until its length is tripled. Compare the new resistance with the original value. 8. the ratio of resistivity’s of two materials a and b is 1:2, ratio of their length is 3:4 and if the ratio of radii is 2:3 find the ratio of resistance of a and b. We will write a custom essay sample on Sample Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page . Two wires are of same length and radius but one of them is copper and the other is of iron. Which will have more resistance? (Given the resistivity of copper = 1. 62 x 10 -8 ohm meter and resistivity of iron = 10 x 10-8 ohm meter. 10. A wire of resistance 5 Ohm is spent in the form of closed circle. What is the resistance between 2 points at the ends of any diameter of the circle? 11. Two wires of equal cross sectional area, one of copper and other of manganin have same resistance. Which one will be longer? 2. Two students perform an experiment on series and parallel combinations of two given resistors R1 and R2 and plot following VI graph Which of the graph is (are) correctly labeled. Justify your answer. 13. Draw the circuit consisting of a battery of five 2V cells, 5ohm resistor, 10 ohm resistor, 15 ohm resistor and a plug key. All connected in series (b) Calculate the current passing through the above circuit when key is closed. 14. Three resistors of 4ohms, 6ohms and 12 ohms are connected in parallel. The combination of above resistors is connected in series to a resistance of 2 ohms and then to a battery of 6 volts. Draw a circuit diagram and calculate a) Current in main circuit b) Current flowing through each of the resistors in parallel c) P. d and the power used by the 2 ohm resistor. 15. State the law which governs the amount of heat produced in a metallic conductor when current is passed through it for a given time. Express this law mathematically? 16. State which has a higher resistance. A 50W or 25W lamp. Also find the ratio of their resistances. 17. Why is tungsten used almost exclusively for making the filaments of electric lamps? 18. Write the advantages of connecting electrical appliances in parallel and disadvantages of connecting them in series in a household circuit. 19. State the relation between the commercial and SI unit of electric energy. 20. For a heater rated at 4 kW and 220 V, calculate (a) the current, b) the resistance of the heater, ) the energy consumed in 2 hours, and d) the cost if 1 kWh is priced at Rs. 4. 60..

Free Essays on New Deals Successfulness

Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal was successful. The New Deal was used to refer to U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt's program to solve the economic problems created by the Great Depression of the 1930s. However, the New Deal didn’t end the depression, but it did relieve much economic hardships and gave Americans faith in the democratic system at a time when other nations hit by the depression turned to the dictators. The New Deal programs were admired by some people and rejected by other people. The reason to why it was successful was because of the many relief policies. These policies focused on three general goals: relief for the needy, economic recovery, and financial reform. The New Deal programs had many distinct policies that helped people gain confidence in economy and in the government. Roosevelt’s first goal was to provide relief for the needy. One of the largest programs begun under the New Deal was Works Progress Administration (WPA). The WPA provided work for needy people on the public works projects. Additional New Deal policy that helped achieve this goal was the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). The CCC was founded in 1933 to provide jobs for single males on conservation projects. New Deal also assisted the farmers by creating the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA). This act aided farmers and regulated crop production. The AAA raised crop prices by paying farmers to leave a certain amount of their land uncultivated, hence lowering production. Another program to provide direct relief for the needy was the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA). The FERA cooperated with the states in relieving hardships caused by unemployment. Besides providing help for the needy, Roosevelt also wanted to establish programs that would guide in recovering the economy. After Hoover was elected as the president of United States and was rejected by the country, Franklin D. Roosevelt knew that somehow he had to gain back ... Free Essays on New Deal's Successfulness Free Essays on New Deal's Successfulness Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal was successful. The New Deal was used to refer to U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt's program to solve the economic problems created by the Great Depression of the 1930s. However, the New Deal didn’t end the depression, but it did relieve much economic hardships and gave Americans faith in the democratic system at a time when other nations hit by the depression turned to the dictators. The New Deal programs were admired by some people and rejected by other people. The reason to why it was successful was because of the many relief policies. These policies focused on three general goals: relief for the needy, economic recovery, and financial reform. The New Deal programs had many distinct policies that helped people gain confidence in economy and in the government. Roosevelt’s first goal was to provide relief for the needy. One of the largest programs begun under the New Deal was Works Progress Administration (WPA). The WPA provided work for needy people on the public works projects. Additional New Deal policy that helped achieve this goal was the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). The CCC was founded in 1933 to provide jobs for single males on conservation projects. New Deal also assisted the farmers by creating the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA). This act aided farmers and regulated crop production. The AAA raised crop prices by paying farmers to leave a certain amount of their land uncultivated, hence lowering production. Another program to provide direct relief for the needy was the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA). The FERA cooperated with the states in relieving hardships caused by unemployment. Besides providing help for the needy, Roosevelt also wanted to establish programs that would guide in recovering the economy. After Hoover was elected as the president of United States and was rejected by the country, Franklin D. Roosevelt knew that somehow he had to gain back ...

The Pyrenean Ibex Profile

The Pyrenean Ibex Profile The recently extinct Pyrenean ibex, also known by the Spanish common name bucardo, was one of the four subspecies of wild goat to inhabit the Iberian Peninsula. An attempt to clone the Pyrenean ibex was carried out in 2009, marking it the first species to undergo de-extinction, but the clone died due to physical defects in its lungs seven minutes after its birth. Fast Facts: Iberian Ibex Scientific Name: Capra pyrenaica pyrenaicaCommon Name(s): Pyrenean ibex, Pyrenean wild goat, bucardoBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: Length of 5 feet; height of 30 inches at the shoulderWeight: 130–150 poundsLifespan: 16 yearsDiet: HerbivoreHabitat: Iberian Peninsula, Pyrenees mountainsPopulation: 0Conservation Status: Extinct Description In general, the Pyrenean ibex (Capra pyrenaica pyrenaica) was a mountain goat which was substantially bigger and had larger horns than its extant cousins, C. p. hispanica and C. p. victoriae.  It was also called the Pyrenean wild goat and, in Spain, the bucardo. During the summer, the male bucardo had a coat of short, pale grayish-brown fur with sharply defined black patches. During winter it grew thicker, combining longer hair with a layer of short thick wool, and its patches were less sharply defined. They had a short stiff mane above the neck, and two very large, thick curving horns that described a half-spiral twist. The horns typically grew to 31 inches in length, with a distance between them of about 16 inches. One set of horns in Musà ©e de Bagnà ¨res at Luchon, France, measures 40 inches long. Adult males bodies were just under five feet long, stood 30 inches at the shoulder, and weighed 130–150 pounds. Female ibex coats were more consistently brown, lacking the patches and with very short, lyre-shaped and cylindrical ibexs horns. They lacked the males manes. Young of both sexes retained the color of the mothers coat until after the first year when the males began to develop the black patches. dragoms/Getty Images Habitat and Range During the summers, the agile Pyrenean ibex inhabited rocky mountainsides and cliffs interspersed with scrub vegetation and small pines. Winters were spent in snow-free upland meadows. In the fourteenth century, the Pyrenean ibex inhabited much of the northern Iberian Peninsula and were most commonly found in the Pyrenees  of Andorra, Spain, and France, and likely extended into the Cantabrian mountains. They disappeared from the French Pyrenees and Cantabrian range by the mid-10th century. Their populations began to decrease steeply in the 17th century, primarily as a result of trophy-hunting by people who craved the ibexs majestic horns. By 1913, they were extirpated except for one small population in Spains Ordesa Valley. Diet and Behavior Vegetation such as herbs, forbs, and grasses comprised most of the ibexs diet, and seasonal migrations between high and low elevations allowed the ibex to utilize high mountain slopes in the summer and more temperate valleys during the winter with thickening fur supplementing warmth during the coldest months. Modern population studies were not conducted on the bucardo, but female C. pyrenaica are known to congregate in groups of 10–20 animals (females and their young) and males in groups of 6–8 except in rutting season when they are largely isolated. Reproduction and Offspring Rut season for the Pyrenean ibex began in the first days of November, with males conducting ferocious battles over females and territory. The ibex birthing season generally occurred during May when females would seek isolated locations to bear offspring. A single birth was the most common, but twins were born occasionally. Young C. pyrenaica can walk within a day of birth. After birth, the mother and kid join the females herd. Kids can live independently from their mothers at 8–12 months but are not sexually mature until 2–3 years of age. Extinction While the exact cause of the Pyrenean ibexs extinction is unknown, scientists hypothesize that some different factors contributed to the decline of the species, including poaching, disease, and the inability to compete with other domestic and wild ungulates for food and habitat. The ibex are thought to have numbered some 50,000 historically, but by the early 1900s, their numbers had fallen to fewer than 100. The last naturally born Pyrenean ibex, a 13-year-old female that scientists named Celia, was found mortally wounded in northern Spain on January 6, 2000, trapped beneath a fallen tree. The First De-Extinction in History Before Celia died, though, scientists were able to collect skin cells from her ear and preserve them in liquid nitrogen. Using those cells, researchers attempted to clone the ibex in 2009. After repeated unsuccessful attempts to implant a cloned embryo in a living domestic goat, one embryo survived and was carried to term and born. This event marked the first de-extinction in scientific history. However, the newborn clone died just seven minutes after its birth as a result of physical defects in its lung. Professor Robert Miller, director of the Medical Research Councils Reproductive Sciences Unit at Edinburgh University, commented: I think this is an exciting advance as it does show the potential of being able to regenerate extinct species. There is some way to go before it can be used effectively, but the advances in this field are such that we will see more and more solutions to the problems faced. Sources Brown, Austin. TEDxDeExtinction: A Primer. Revise and Restore, the Long Now Foundation, March 13, 2013.  Folch, J., et al. First Birth of an Animal from an Extinct Subspecies (Capra Pyrenaica Pyrenaica) by Cloning. Theriogenology 71.6 (2009): 1026–34. Print.Garcà ­a-Gonzlez, Ricardo. New Holocene Capra pyrenaica (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Bovidae) Skulls from the Southern Pyrà ©nà ©es. Comptes Rendus Palevol 11.4 (2012): 241–49. Print.Herrero, J. and J. M. Pà ©rez. Capra pyrenaica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T3798A10085397, 2008.Kupferschmidt, Kai. Can Cloning Revive Spains Extinct Mountain Goat? Science 344.6180 (2014): 137-38. Print.Maas, Peter H. J. Pyrenean Ibex - Capra pyrenaica pyrenaica. The Sixth Extinction (archived in Wayback Machine), 2012.Ureà ±a, I., et al. Unraveling the Genetic History of the European Wild Goats. Quaternary Science Reviews 185 (2018): 189–98. Print.

Marketing Strategies For Growth Overseas At Tesco Essay

Marketing Strategies For Growth Overseas At Tesco - Essay Example Having described the premise of marketing strategies, this report will focus on Tesco, a multinational foods retailer operating in China, the United States, India, Thailand, Malaysia and South Korea. In some regions of the world, consumers are collectivist and value tradition whilst in other operating areas, consumers are more individualistic and brand-conscious. Price elasticity is a concern depending on the socio-economic conditions in each area of operations, thus requiring customized marketing strategies for each region. The results of a recent survey identified that 67 percent of customers considered Tesco their favourite supermarket due to its value and quality focus in the marketing mix and related to how the business positions itself among international competitors (Ma, Ding and Hong 2010). Tesco operates in an oligopoly market structure where competitive activities related to marketing continue to change the focus of business activity. The foods retailing environment maintai ns considerable competitive rivalry in pricing and promotion, as well as distribution methodology in order to serve diverse customers. Because of this, Tesco must focus on the marketing mix in order to differentiate from competitors that carry rather homogenous goods for the international consumer. Tesco utilizes marketing strategies related to green environmentalism, value promotions, brand extensions, diversifying product line offerings, and e-commerce as methods to improve its competitive position and ensure higher sales volumes internationally. 2. Theoretical framework International marketing strategies are plans of action that recognize costs, efficiency, and brand value/equity associated with specific strategic objectives related to how the business wants to... This paper stresses that since the environment where Tesco operates internationally is saturated with grocer competition, the business has developed effective strategies to try to avoid price promotions common with other supermarkets. Its value agenda provides the business with considerable brand loyalty and also brand equity that can be extended to supplementary service provision. It is uniquely positioned through its e-commerce model as a value leader and through its flexibility in procurement to fit local tastes even though these costs are higher for adjusting the supply chain methodology in the home country. However, the revenue gains achieved by Tesco, which is the number one supermarket according to comparative sales, offset these costs associated with the marketing mix adjustments. Tesco may not be able to maintain its unique value-orientation against competition with the new entrants like Aldi that carry discounted goods that consumers perceive as top quality. Partnerships wi th local producers to create private label Tesco products still fulfils its corporate social responsibility objectives in its marketing strategy for relationship and value-building, but can enhance its product selection for private label introduction or extension. When it is not only pricing, but also value associated in consumer markets with private label brands, it has long-term risk potential for Tesco’s unique differentiation and positioning related to value provision. This report makes a conclusion that corporate social responsibility, too, stays away from pricing promotion and price emphasis in order to remain true to its value-conscious agenda and positioning efforts. According to results of a large sample group questionnaire, 71 percent of those targeted believed that Tesco has reasonable prices.